Striga hermonthica is a serious biotic stress limiting maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. The limited information on the patterns of genetic diversity among maize inbred lines derived from source germplasm with mixed genetic backgrounds limits the development of inbred lines, hybrids, and synthetics with durable resistance to S. hermonthica. This study was conducted to assess the level of genetic diversity in a panel of 150 diverse maize inbred lines using agronomic and molecular data and also to infer the population structure among the inbred lines. Ten Striga-resistance-related traits were used for the phenotypic characterization, and 16,735 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), were used for molecular diversity. The phenotypic and molecular hierarchical cluster analyses grouped the inbred lines into five clusters, respectively. However, the grouping patterns between the phenotypic and molecular hierarchical cluster analyses were inconsistent due to non-overlapping information between the phenotypic and molecular data. The correlation between the phenotypic and molecular diversity matrices was very low (0.001), which is in agreement with the inconsistencies observed between the clusters formed by the phenotypic and molecular diversity analyses. The joint phenotypic and genotypic diversity matrices grouped the inbred lines into three groups based on their reaction patterns to S. hermonthica, and this was able to exploit a broad estimate of the actual diversity among the inbred lines. The joint analysis shows an invaluable insight for measuring genetic diversity in the evaluated materials. The result indicates that wide genetic variability exists among the inbred lines and that the joint diversity analysis can be utilized to reliably assign the inbred lines into heterotic groups and also to enhance the level of resistance to Striga in new maize varieties.

https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091223

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Abebe Menkirhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-9177

Paterne AGREhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-2530

SILVESTRO MESEKAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-2450

Wende Mengeshahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-7323

Melaku Gedilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-6014

https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091223

Biotech and Plant Breeding

Agronomy; Disease Control; Food Security; Genetic Improvement; Maize; Plant Breeding; Plant Diseases; Plant Production; Smallholder Farmers

Genetic Diversity; Population Structure; Maize; Marker Assisted Selection; Striga Hermonthica; Subsaharan Africa; Inbred Lines

Africa; West Africa

Nigeria

Headquarters and Western Africa Hub

Plants