Books and Book Chapters: Recent submissions

Now showing items 341-360 of 977

    • Seed management on agricultural research farms 

      Claassen, S.L. (1995)
      Seed processing and storage are important components in transforming the effort of breeders into improved crops for farmers. Seed processing includes drying, removal of contaminants, size grading, and treatment with specific materials. Storage aims at keeping seed in good condition until the next planting season. A variety of equipment and methods is available for seed processing and storage.

    • Building and maintenance of roads on agricultural research farms 

      Couper, D.C. (1995)
      Good roads can prevent costly damage to machinery. Erosion of roads can be avoided by proper design and construction. Earth roads require continuous maintenance. Maintenance is easy if carried out correctly and routinely.

    • Multilocational evaluation of black sigatoka resistance in banana and plantain 

      Gauhl, F.; Pasberg-Gauhl, C.; Vuylsteke, D.; Ortiz, R. (1995)
      Black sigatoka is a leaf spot disease on plantain and banana. Its sausal agent is the fungus Mycos-phaerella fijunsis Morelet. Black sigatoka is one of the most important constraints of plantain and banana cultivation throughout the world. Yield loss can be up to 50 %. Chemical control of the disease is possible, but expensive, and the small farmer cannot afford to pay for it. Cultivation of resistant clones is the best control method. However, black sigatoka response can vary for different locations.

    • No-till farming in the humid and subhumid tropics of Africa 

      Couper, D.C. (1995)
      Tropical soils are generally low in fertility, physically fragile and easily eroded when cleared of natural cover. Cultivation is carried out in the tropics purely for weed control, but this leads to accelerated soil erosion, as cultivated soil) has no protection. Gully erosion can be minimized by the use of graded contour banks. Sheet erosion can be reduced by the use of chemical weed control, as soil cover is maintained in the form of dead mulch and soil disturbance is avoided. This is termed ...

    • Soil sampling and sample preparation 

      Pleysier, J.L. (1995)
      The approach to soil sampling depends on the reasons for soil analysis. Soil is not a homogeneous mass. Plant life, topography, agronomic practices, etc. affect the uniformity of a soil. The accuracy of the soil analysis data depends on the accuracy with which the soil samples are taken. Several definitions and terms are important to describe fertilizers. The "grade", for example, describe the N-P205-K20 content in weight percentage. The exact amount of fertilizer required has to be calculated ...

    • Use of graded contour banks for soil conservation 

      Couper, D.C. (1995)
      Crop Cultivation makes agricultural soils susceptible to erosion. Land may become incapable of producing crops. Contour banks help to prevent gully erosion, the most spectacular type of erosion. This document describes design and construction of graded contour banks.

    • Field insect pests of rice in Africa; biology and control 

      Umeh, E.D.; Joshi, R.C.; Ukwungwu, M.N. (1995)
      Insect pests are a major constraint in rice production in Africa and elsewhere. They perennially result in crop loss which may range from 30-100 %. Measures of control include cultural and biological control, host plant resistance, and chemical methods. Chemical control has several disadvantages. Integrated pest management combines advantages of the various control methods to arrive at environmentally sound control measure. A good insect control system requires knowledge of identity and bio-ecology ...

    • Production of yams: present role and future prospect 

      Hahn, S.K.; Osiru, D.; Otoo, J.; Akoroda, M. (1995)
      Yam is an important food crop, especially in the ‘yam zone' of West Africa. Total world production is about 20-25 million ton per annum, some 70 per cent of it grown in Nigeria. Although regarded mainly as a source of carbohydrate, some species are nearly as rich in protein as rice or maize.

    • Socioeconomic characterization of environments and technologies 

      Smith, J. (1995)
      Socioeconomic characterization provides information for setting research priorities, extrapolating research results, and targeting existing technologies to appropriate areas. Farmers adopt technologies which economize scarce, and hence, expensive resources, and make use of abundant, cheap resources. This document divides environments into three categories, based on combinations of population density and access to markets, and identifies types of technologies likely to be appropriate in each category.

    • Fertilizers; definitions and calculations 

      Kang, B.T. (1995)
      Fertilizers furnish plants with nutrients for growth. Generally, plants take up nutrients dissolved in water. Water solubility, however, cannot be used as the only measure of nutrient availability to plants. Several definitions and terms are important to describe fertilizers. The "grade", for example, describe the N-P205-K20 content in weight percentage. The exact amount of fertilizer required has to be calculated depending on type of fertilizer and area to be fertilized. Mixing of fertilizers ...

    • Evaluation multilocale de la resistance a la cercosporiose noire chez le bananier et le plantain 

      Gauhl, F.; Pasberg-Gauhl, C.; Vuylsteke, D.; Ortiz, R. (1995)
      La cercosporiose noire est une maladie du systeme foliaire chez Ie plantain et Ie bananier. L'agent causal est Ie champignon Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. La cercosporiose noire constitue I'une des con-traintes les plus importantes a la production du plantain et de la banane dans Ie monde. Les pertes de rendement peuvent s'elever a 50 %. La lutte chimique contre la maladie est possible, mais coOteuse, et Ie petit exploitant n'en a pas les moyens. La culture de clones resistants constitue la ...

    • Enquetes exploratoires pour la planification de la recherche 

      Dvorak, K.A.; Izac, A.M. (1995)
      Les enquetes aupres des informateurs cles et les interviews des groupements villageois sont presentees ici comme des methodes permettant de mener des enquetes socio-economiques sur la gestion et la disponibilite des ressources dans les systemes de production. Des suggestions sont {sites sur la maniere de preparer des questions et de reaIiser des interviews. Les applica-tions de chaque type d'enquete sont discutees. Des exemples d'enquetes sont presents.

    • Besoins en maindoeuvre et evaluation des technologies 

      Dvorak, K.A. (1995)
      La main-d'oeuvre familiale est une ressource precieuse et "rare". C'est grace a elle que la famille rurale arrive a utiliser les ressources naturelles telles que Ie sol, l'eau, la vegetation et Ie cIimat, de meme que les intrants achetes tels que l'engrais, les produits phytoaanitaires et les outils. Lorsque vous mettez au point une technologie pour accraitre la productivite ou ameliorer la durabilite, vous devez evaluer les besoins en main-d'oeuvre. Pour bien comprendre les besoins en main-d'oeuvre ...

    • Les semoirs dans les fermes agricoles experimentales 

      Claassen, S.L. (1995)
      Les semoirs mecaniques accomplissent une fonction importante, celle de mettre en terre la graine afin d'assurer une culture uniforme et des rendements optimaux. Les semoirs en lignes, semoirs a cereales et semoirs a la volee sont utilises pour des cultures et des objectifs differents. Une bonne preparation, un reglage au champ adequat et une bonne connaissance des semoirs sont necessaires pour un semis precis.

    • Striga hermonthica in cropping systems of the Northern Guinea Savanna 

      Weber, G.; Elemo, K.A.; Award, A.; Lagoke, S.T.O.; Oikeh, S. (1995)

    • Caracterisation socioeconomique des environnments et des technologies 

      Smith, J. (1995)
      La caracterisation socio-economique fournit I'information qui permet d'etablir les priorites de reo cherche, d'extrapoler les resultats de la recherche et d'adapter les technologies existantes aux regions appropriees. Les agriculteurs adoptent les technologies qui economisent les ressources rares et done couteuses et exploitent lea ressources abondantes et bon marche. Ce guide classe les environnements en trois categories selon des combinaisons de densite demographique et d'acces aux marches, et ...

    • Techniques de defrichage dans les stations agricoles experimentales 

      Couper, D.C. (1995)
      De vastes etendues sont actuellement debarrassees de leur vegetation naturelle, ce qui represente un risque pour l'ecosysteme mondial. Le defrichage, si possible, doit etre realise avec soin et sur la base de criteres adequats. Les techniques de defrichage varient selon Ie type de terrain. Les sols doivent souvent etre stabilises apres Ie defrichage. Le personnel participant aux operations du defrichage doit etre forme a cet effet.

    • Nematodes as production constraints cerealbased cropping systems of the Northern Guinea Savanna 

      Weber, G.; Chindo, P.S.; Elemo, K.A.; Oikeh, S. (1995)

    • The maize and cassava production system in southwest Nigeria and the effect of improved technology; onfarm trials in Alabata and Ayepe, 1985-1989 

      Mutsaers, H.J.W.; Adekunle, A.; Walker, P.; Palada, M.C. (1995)

    • Mapping and characterizing inland valley agroecosystems of West and Central Africa 

      Thenkabail, P.; Nolte, C. (1995)