The strength of an innovation systems approach for Integrated Agriculture Research for Development (IAR4D) is based on a wide involvement of stakeholders, capacity building, planned progression of involvement of different actors, and the voluntary nature of participation. In this chapter, this concept is taken further showing that successful pilot initiatives can be taken to scale using and building on the same principles embedded in IAR4D. This requires an understanding of research and development scaling pathways and the use of participatory research and extension approaches in preference to the traditional and linear approaches used in the past. Looking to the future involvement of a wide range of actors from both the agriculture sector and beyond is essential for building a sustainable innovation system. At the same time increasing use of Internet and mobile networks provide opportunity for improving access to knowledge that can speed the scaling process. Included in the chapter are sections on the meaning and understanding of scaling; research and development scaling pathways, the evolution of extension approaches, key principles of participatory research and extension, working with local communities and their networks, strengthening innovation systems, increasing use of mobile phone networks, and conclusions for successful scaling.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810521-4.00009-8

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Therese Gondwehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-7060

Nhamohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1182-6014

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-810521-4.00009-8

Capacity Development; Climate Change; Smallholder Farmers

Innovation Systems; Participatory Research; Extension; Partnerships; Iar4D; Stakeholders; Capacity Building; Climate Smart Technologies

Africa; East Africa; Southern Africa

Kenya; Zambia