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Now showing items 1921-1940 of 8126
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Genetic improvement for the sustainable management of resistance
(2003)In the 1990s, innovative cross-breeding and classic genetic analysis of segregation ratios allowed advances in the understanding of host plant response to black leaf streak disease. Partial resistance owing to a recessive major gene (bs1 ) coupled with at least two additive minor genes (bsri ) appears to be durable because this genetic system slows disease development in the host plant. As a consequence, resistant hybrids show more healthy leaves, i.e. greater photosynthetic leaf area, than their ... -
IITA to save bananas
(2003) -
Sorghum headbugs and grain molds in West and Central Africa; I: host plant resistance and bugmold interactions on sorghum grains
(2003-07)A regional sorghum head-bug and grain mold resistance trial was conducted in 1996 and 1997 at 15 and 13 research stations located in 10 West and Central African countries, respectively. Two cultivars namely IS 14384 and CGM 39/17-2-2 exhibited consistently high levels of resistance both to head-bugs and grain molds over years and localities. Eurystylus oldi was the dominant head-bug species at all localities except in Benin, Chad and Guinea. Sorghum grain mycoflora varied little between sites with ... -
Economic impact of biological control of water hyacinth in southern Benin
(2003-02)A biological control program of water hyacinth was undertaken in Southern Benin between 1991 and 1993. It consisted of the release of three natural enemies, two weevil species and one moth, that feed exclusively on water hyacinth. In 1999, a survey of 365 men and women from 192 households in 24 villages in the target area, using participatory and quantitative methods, revealed that water hyacinth, although not eliminated, was perceived by the villagers as having been reduced from a serious pest ... -
Development of an integrated laboratory information management system of the maize mapping project
(2003-11)Motivation: The development of an integrated genetic and physical map for the maize genome involves the generation of an enormous amount of data. Managing this data requires a system to aid in genotype scoring for different types of markers coming from both local and remote users. In addition, researchers need an efficient way to interact with genetic mapping software and with data files from automated DNA sequencing. They also need ways to manage primer data for mapping and sequencing and provide ... -
Host plant resistance to insects: an ecofriendly approach for pest management and environment conservation
(2003)Host plant resistance (HPR) to insect is an effective, economical and environment friendly method of pest control. The most attractive feature of HPR is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. Considerable progress has been made in identification and development of crop cultivars with resistance to the major pest in different crops -
Plant breeding successes in African rural development.
(2003-04-02)This article reviews improvements in important southern African food crops, and it describes the social and economic effects of those improved crops. Author Rodomiro Ortiz, the acting Deputy-Director General of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), says that the development and distribution of high-yielding cassava cultivars led to a 50 percent increase in average yield and a 10 percent increase in per capita output throughout Africa. Meanwhile, Ortiz says that improved maize ... -
Food yams in Africa
(2003) -
Genetic diversity of organoleptic properties in water yam (Dioscorea alata L.)
(2003)Improving the food quality of yams (Dioscorea spp) is an ongoing challenge to yam breeders and researchers. Forty accessions of D alata were evaluated for the suitability of their tubers for the preparation of two dominant food forms (boiled and pounded) as part of an effort to identify potential parents for use in genetic improvement. Trained panellists were presented with randomised, replicated and coded samples of boiled yam tuber pieces and asked to rate them for mealiness, colour, wetness, ...
