Journal and Journal Articles: Recent submissions

Now showing items 1061-1080 of 5271

    • Unlocking maize crop productivity through improved management practices in northern Tanzania 

      Kihara J.; Kizito F.; Jumbo M.; Kinyua M.; Bekunda, M. (2020-12)
      Addressing the problem of low crop productivity and food insecurity can be accelerated through community-centered implementation of good agricultural management practices. This study was conducted in Babati, Northern Tanzania. The objective of thestudy was to determine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application requirements formaize, and demonstrate economically viable best bet yield-improving management-technologies under three ecozones namely; ‘low elevation low rainfall’, ‘medium elevation ...

    • Genetic diversity and population structure of soybean lines adapted to sub-Saharan Africa using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers 

      Chander, S.; Garcia-Oliveira, A.L.; Gedil, M.; Shah, T.; Otusanya, G.O.; Asiedu, R.; Chigeza, G. (2021)
      Soybean productivity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is less than half of the global average yield. To plug the productivity gap, further improvement in grain yield must be attained by enhancing the genetic potential of new cultivars that depends on the genetic diversity of the parents. Hence, our aim was to assess genetic diversity and population structure of elite soybean genotypes, mainly released cultivars and advanced selections in SSA. In this study, a set of 165 lines was genotyped with ...

    • The UCR Minicore: a valuable resource for cowpea research and breeding 

      Munoz-Amatriain, M.; Lo, S.; Herniter, I.; Boukar, O.; Fatokun, C.; Carvalho, E.; Castro, I.; Guo, Y.; Huynh, B.; Roberts, P.A.; Carnide, V.; Close, T.J. (2021-06)
      Incorporation of new sources of genetic diversity into plant breeding programs is crucial for continuing to improve yield and quality, as well as tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. A minicore (the “University of California, Riverside (UCR) Minicore”) composed of 368 worldwide accessions of cultivated cowpea has been assembled, having been derived from the UCR cowpea collection. High-density genotyping with 51,128 SNPs followed by principal component and genetic assignment analyses identified ...

    • Assessment of chemical properties of yellow-fleshed cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots as affected by genotypes and growing environments 

      Alamu, E.O.; Maziya-Dixon, B.; Lawal, O.; Dixon, A. (2021)
      The study evaluated the effect of genotype and growing locations on biofortified cassava root genotypes’ chemical properties. Twentyeight genotypes of biofortified yellow and white-fleshed cassava were planted across four geographical areas in Nigeria and harvested for two seasons. This research analyzed the chemical properties (DM, VC, TC, and CNP) of the samples using standard laboratory procedures. ANOVA, descriptive analysis, PCA, and HCA was carried out on the generated data using SAS software. ...

    • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of DMR6 orthologue in banana (Musa spp.) confers enhanced resistance to bacterial disease 

      Tripathi, J.; Ntui, V.O.; Shah, T.; Tripathi, L. (2021)

    • Physicochemical, microbial, and aflatoxin analyses of selected high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) from the major markets of Zambia 

      Alamu, E.O.; Gondwe, T.; Ayinde, O.; Akinwale, M.G.; Ntawuruhunga, P.; Awoyale, W.; Abass, A.; Maziya-Dixon, B. (2021)
      Various quality grades of high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) are found in markets due to the rapid increase in its utilization for product development. Therefore, this study assessed the chemical, functional and pasting properties and the microbial and aflatoxin content of HQCF being sold in Lusaka markets. Nine samples of HQCF (coded CM 01 to 09) were collected from supermarkets, one major open market, and one cassava processing centre. The samples were analyzed for chemical, functional and pasting ...

    • Carbon storage in cocoa growing systems across different agroecological zones in Ghana 

      Afele, J.T.; Dawoe, E.; Abunyewa, A.A.; Afari-Sefa, V.; Asare, R. (2021)
      Shade grown cocoa systems have been credited with stocking high quantities of carbon and therefore possess the potential to mitigate climate change and help achieve targets of the United Nations Collaborative Program on Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). This study quantifies and compares carbon stored as well as estimated cocoa yields in two shade management types (i.e., shaded and full sun) across three agroecological zones: Dry Semi-Deciduous Fire Zone (DSFZ), ...

    • KASPar SNP genetic map of cassava for QTL discovery of productivity traits in moderate drought stress environment in Africa 

      Ewa, F.*; Asiwe, J.A.N.; Okogbenin, E.; Ogbonna, A.C.; Egesi, C. (2021)
      Cassava is an important staple in Sub-Sahara Africa. While its production has rapidly expanded to the dry savannahs of the continent, productivity is low in this ecology due to drought by farmers, extending the growth cycle from 12 months to 18, and sometimes 24 months to ensure better harvests. Yield is a complex trait and often difficult to manipulate for genetic gain in conventional breeding. Unfortunately, the dearth of molecular tools for decades has hampered molecular breeding (MB) to improve ...

    • Morphological, physiological and molecular markers for salt-stressed plants 

      Soltabayeva, A.; Ongaltay, A.; Omondi, J.O.; Srivastava, S. (2021)
      Plant growth and development is adversely affected by different kind of stresses. One of the major abiotic stresses, salinity, causes complex changes in plants by influencing the interactions of genes. The modulated genetic regulation perturbs metabolic balance, which may alter plant’s physiology and eventually causing yield losses. To improve agricultural output, researchers have concentrated on identification, characterization and selection of salt tolerant varieties and genotypes, although, ...

    • Assessment of land degradation in semiarid Tanzania using multiscale remote sensing datasets to support sustainable development goal 15.3 

      Reith, J.; Ghazaryan, G.; Muthoni, F.K.; Dubovyk, O. (2021)
      Monitoring land degradation (LD) to improve the measurement of the sustainable development goal (SDG) 15.3.1 indicator (“proportion of land that is degraded over a total land area”) is key to ensure a more sustainable future. Current frameworks rely on default medium-resolution remote sensing datasets available to assess LD and cannot identify subtle changes at the sub-national scale. This study is the first to adapt local datasets in interplay with high-resolution imagery to monitor the extent ...

    • Household farm production diversity and micronutrient intake: Where are the linkages? Panel data evidence from Uganda 

      Sekabira, H.; Nalunga, S.; Umwungerimwiza, Y.D.; Nazziwa, L.; Ddungu, S.P. (2021)
      Hunger and malnutrition are key global challenges whose understanding is instrumental to their elimination, thus realization of important sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, understanding linkages between farm production diversity (FPD) and household micronutrient intake is important in mapping micronutrient deficiencies and hidden hunger. Such understanding would inform appropriate interventions against malnutrition. Unfortunately, empirical literature is scarce to sufficiently inform ...

    • Horizon scanning to assess the bioclimatic potential for the alien species Spodoptera eridania and its parasitoids after pest detection in west and central Africa 

      Tepa‐Yotto, G.; Gouwakinnou, G.N.; Fagbohoun, J.R.; Tamò, M.; Sæthre, M (2021)
      BACKGROUND The southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the tropical Americas where the pest can feed on more than 100 plant species. SAW was recently detected in West and Central Africa, feeding on various crops including cassava, cotton, amaranth and tomato. The current work was carried out to predict the potential spatial distribution of SAW and four of its co-evolved parasitoids at a global scale using the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm. ...

    • Household hunger, poverty, and childcare in 5 states of Nigeria and their impacts on nutritional outcomes in preschool children 

      Manyong, V.; Abdoulaye, T.; Ojide, M.; Ogundapo, A.T.; Ayoola, G.B.; Dashiell, K.; Okike, I. (2021)
      This article presents findings from baseline surveys in 5 states of Nigeria to assess the nutritional outcomes on target groups on attaining the UN Sustainable Development Goal 2. The augmented regression technique was applied to analyze data from a sample of 1642 households with at least 1 child under the age of 5 years (U5) and their mothers or caregivers out of a total of 2500 households that were drawn from the 250 enumeration areas of the Nigeria Bureau of Statistics in the 5 states. The ...

    • Inheritance of pod length and other yield components in two cowpea and yard-long bean crosses 

      Edematie, V.E.; Fatokun, C.; Boukar, O.; Adetimirin, V.O.; Kumar, P.L. (2021)
      This study determined the gene effects involved in the inheritance of pod length and other yield-related traits and relationships among traits in crosses between two cowpea lines (TVu 2280 and TVu 2027) and a yard-long bean (TVu 6642) line with long pods. Plants of six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2) derived from TVu 2280 × TVu 6642 and TVu 2027 × TVu 6642 were evaluated under field conditions. Data collected on 14 yield components of each cross were used for generation mean analysis. ...

    • Local adaptation in thermal tolerance for a tropical butterfly across ecotone and rainforest habitats 

      Dongmo, M.; Hanna, R.; Smith, T.B.; Fiaboe, K.; Fomena, A.; Bonebrake, T.C. (2021)
      Thermal adaptation to habitat variability can determine species vulnerability to environmental change. For example, physiological tolerance to naturally low thermal variation in tropical forests species may alter their vulnerability to climate change impacts, compared with open habitat species. However, the extent to which habitat-specific differences in tolerance derive from within-generation versus across-generation ecological or evolutionary processes are not well characterized. Here we studied ...

    • Antioxidant potential of extracts from peels and stems of yellow-fleshed and white cassava varieties 

      Ekeledo, E.; Latif, S.; Abass, A.; Müller, J. (2020)
      This study focused on the exploration of the potentials of extracting antioxidants from peels and stems of yellow‐fleshed and white cassava varieties. The effect of particle size (0.2 and 0.5 mm) and variety on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity was assessed. The peels of the yellow‐fleshed cassava variety with a particle size of 0.2 mm showed the highest phenolic content with 681.5 GAE mg 100 g−1 and antioxidant activity of 19% and 425 μM TE g−1 dry matter using DPPH and FRAP assays ...

    • Evaluation of the chemical composition and functional properties of gari from Liberia 

      Awoyale, W.; Kawalawu, W.K.; Asiedu, R.; Maziya-Dixon, B.; Abass, A.; Edet, M. (2019)
      The regular use of local cassava varieties and the exclusion of the fermentation step in the processing of gari in Liberia may affect the composition and properties of gari, hence the need to evaluate its chemical composition and functional properties. Gari samples were randomly collected from markets (35) and processing centers (24) in Rivercess, Grand Bassa, Bomi, Margibi, Sinoe, Gbarpolu, Montserrado, and Grand Capemount Counties, and packaged in airtight polythene bags prior to laboratory ...

    • Physicochemical parameters and functional properties of flours from advanced genotypes and improved cassava varieties for industrial applications 

      Chimphepo, L.; Alamu, E.O.; Monjerezi, M.; Ntawuruhunga, P.; Saka, J.D.K. (2021-07)
      Cassava has potential for many industrial uses, which provide an opportunity for more rewarding markets. Therefore, significant research on improved varieties, targeting industrial applications, is required as a possible approach to spur improvements in the value chain. To this end, this study evaluated the physicochemical parameters and functional properties of ten (10) improved cassava genotypes for fast-tracking adaptable and preferred cassava genotypes for industrial use. The genotypes were ...

    • Application of pollen germination media on stigmas during pollination increases seed set in east African highland cooking bananas (Musa spp.) 

      Waniale, A.; Swennen, R.; Mukasa, S.; Tugume, A.K.; Kubiriba, J.; Tushemereirwe, W.K.; Amah, D.; Tumuhimbise, R. (2021)
      Seed set in East African Highland Cooking bananas (EAHBs) is extremely low and therefore hampers breeding. Pollen–pistil interaction is a key contributing factor. We assessed the effect of pollen germination media (PGM) on seed set in EAHBs. Five EAHB cultivars were pollinated with pollen from the wild banana ‘Calcutta 4’. Glucose-based PGM sprayed on freshly emerged stigmas significantly increased seed set per 100 fruits per bunch. Increases were 73.5% in ‘Enzirabahima’, 39.9% in ‘Mshale’, and ...

    • Insect pests of stocks of Acacia macrostachya Reichenb and associated parasitoids in the province of Boulkiemde, central‑western region of Burkina Faso 

      Yamkoulga, M.; Waongo, A.; Traore, F.; Sawadogo, L.; Goergen, G.; Tamo, M.; Sanon, A. (2021)
      We investigated the diversity and the population dynamics of insects attacking seed stocks of Acacia macrostachya, an indigenous legume tree whose seeds constitute an important food source for rural and urban populations in Burkina Faso. For this purpose, six thousand four hundred and two seeds were collected from newly harvested dry pods in spontaneous vegetation around the research station of Saria, while 50kg of naturally infested seeds of A. macrostachya were purchased from nearby markets. To ...