Journal and Journal Articles: Recent submissions

Now showing items 1901-1920 of 5273

    • Effects of fertilizer and hot water treatment upon establishment, survival and yield of plantain (Musa spp., AAB, French) 

      Hauser, S. (2000)
      Plantain (Musa spp. AAB, French, cv. Essong) was grown on an acid ultisol in southern Cameroon to determine yield response to (1) a hot-water treatment to control nematodes and (2) the application of fertilizer. Observations were made for 42 months. Establishment was unaffected by hot-water treatment or fertilizer. Hot-water treatment reduced nematode infestation to about 30% of that found in untreated plants and increased rhizome survival by 11%. Fertilizer application increased the proportion ...

    • The effects of mulch from selected multipurpose trees on nitrogen nutrition, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays) 

      Kamara, A.Y.; Akobundu, I.O.; Sanginga, N.; Jutzi, S.C. (2000)
      Leaf extracts and mulch from 14 multipurpose trees were used to test their effects on maize germination, growth and yield. Maize germination was significantly reduced by leaf extracts of all species with increasing extract concentration. The most drastic reductions were caused by Gliricidia sepium, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Lonchocarpus sireceus, Senna siamea and Leucaena leucocephala. Terminalia superba, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Pithecelobium dulce, Gliricidia sepium and Senna siamea significantly ...

    • The elusive banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus Germar 

      Karamura, E.B.; Gold, C. (2000)
      The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, has evaded all efforts to manage it in all banana-based cropping systems except the commercial plantation banana system, where the 2 to 3 year crop cycle and the intensity of management limit the pest survival in that system. Conversely, in backyard and subsistence banana systems, predominant in Africa, the perennial cropping of banana and plantain, coupled with the planting of infested material, readily supports the pest survival strategies, resulting ...

    • Screening Musa hybrids for resistance to Radopholus similis 

      Dochez, C.; Speijer, P.; Hartman, J.; Vuylsteke, D.; Waele, D. de (2000)

    • Bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil Piezotrachelus varius Wagner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and cowpea seed damage 

      Ntonifor, N.; Edimengo, P.; Tamo, M. (2006)
      The bioecology of the cowpea pod weevil, Piezotrachelus varius, and post-harvest seed losses were studied in the laboratory and in cowpea fields in the Western Highlands of Cameroon during the first and second cropping seasons of 1999 and 2000. Adult weevils appeared before flowering and fed on cowpea leaves and flowers before switching to newly formed pods. Pod-feeding produced holes on the pod wall mesocarp through which the female layed a cluster of 2-5 ovoid, semi-translucent eggs; the eggs ...

    • A cage experiment with four trophic levels: cassava plant growth as influenced by cassava mealybud, Phenacoccus manihoti, its parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi,and the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus insolitus and Chartocerus hyalipennis 

      Goergen, Georg E.; Neuenschwander, P. (1992)
      Different combinations of insects belonging to three trophic levels were released in large cages with hydroponie cultures of cassava in a greenhouse. The cassava mealybug (CM )' Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Horn., Pseudococcidae) was applied at two initial infestation densities to cassava, some of which was grown at different fertilizer levels. Some cages received Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hym., Encyrtidae), the CM specific parasitoid, and/or the hyperparasitoids Prochiloneurus ...

    • Transformations and recovery of residue and fertilizer nitrogen15 in a sandy Lixisol of West Africa 

      Ibewiro, B.; Vanlauwe, Bernard; Sanginga, P.; Merckx, R. (2000)
      The fate of 15N-labeled plant residues from different cover-cropping systems and labeled inorganic N fertilizer in the organic, soil mineral, microbial biomass and soil organic matter (SOM) particle-size fractions was investigated in a sandy Lixisol. Plant residues were from mucuna (legume), lablab (legume), imperata (grass), maize (cereal) and mixtures of mucuna or lablab with imperata or maize, applied as a surface mulch. Inorganic N fertilizer was applied as 15N-(NH4)2SO4 at two rates (21 and ...

    • Clustering shrub and tree legumes grown in acid and nonacid soil conditions using rank performance data 

      Kadiata, B.; Nokoe, S. (2000)
      Clustering of ten woody and shrub legumes (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena diversifolia, L. leucocephala var. K28 and var. K636, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Tephrosia candida) was performed using the partitioning around medoid and the Fuzzy clustering methods to assess the appropriateness of their earlier performance rank scores for evaluating their dissimilarity within an Alfisol and an Ultisol. Differences among formed clusters ...

    • Selective control of weeds in an arable crop by mulches from some multipurpose trees in southwestern Nigeria 

      Kamara, A.Y.; Akobundu, I.O.; Jutzi, S.C. (2000)
      The use of agroforestry systems in which pruning from trees is used to mulch the companion crops is an important area of research in the tropics. However, previous studies mostly evaluated the contribution of mulch to soil improvement and rarely examined the effect of mulch on weeds. Field experiments were conducted during the 1995 and 1996 growing seasons to investigate the effects of mulch from three woody fallow species on weed composition, biomass and maize grain yield. Treatments consisted ...

    • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation response of Mucuna as affected by rhizobial inoculation in farmers fields in the derived savanna of Benin 

      Houngnandan, P.; Sanginga, P.; Woomer, P.L.; Vanlauwe, Bernard; Cleemput, O. van (2000)
      Leguminous cover crops such as Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) have the potential to contribute to soil N and increase the yields of subsequent or associated cereal crops through symbiotic N fixation. It has often been assumed that mucuna will freely nodulate, fix N2 and therefore contribute to soil N. However, results of recent work have indicated mucuna's failure to nodulate in some farmers' fields in the derived savanna in Benin. One of the management practices that can help to improve mucuna establishment ...

    • The role of extension services for the successful introduction of new Musa cultivars in southeastern Nigeria 

      Akele, S.E.; Isirimah, N.; Brisibe, A.A.; Ortiz, R. (2000)
      Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) causes yield losses of 30 to 50% in banana and plantain. The cultivation of resistant cultivars is the most appropriate intervention to control this fungal leaf spot disease in Africa. The short-term approach of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) to control black sigatoka in Nigeria was to identify, multiply and distribute resistant cooking bananas. The Green River Project (GRP), in collaboration with IITA, has been promoting cooking ...

    • Nitrogen contributions from decomposing cover crop residues to maize in a tropical derived savanna 

      Sanginga, P.; Vanlauwe, Bernard; Merckx, R.; Ibewiro, B. (2000)
      In cover cropping systems in the tropics with herbaceous legumes, plant residues are expected to supply nitrogen (N) to non-legume crops during decomposition. Field experiments were carried out to (i) determine the effects of residue quality on decomposition and N release patterns of selected plants in cover cropping systems, (ii) relate the pattern of residue N release to N uptake by maize in cover cropping systems. To study decomposition, litter bags were used and monitored over two maize growing ...

    • Influence of phytoparasitic nematodes on symbiotic N2 fixation in tropical herbaceous legume cover crops 

      Sanginga, P.; Vanlauwe, Bernard; Merckx, R.; Ibewiro, B. (2000)
      Populations of plant parasitic nematodes and their effects on symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation in herbaceous legumes and on some selected characteristics of other plant species associated with such cover crops were studied. Two legume species [mucuna, Mucuna pruriens (L) DC. var. utilis (Wright) Bruck and lablab, Lablab purpureus L. Sweet], one grass/weed species [imperata, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Rauschel] and a cereal (maize, Zea mays L.) were used. There were three soil treatments (fumigation, ...

    • Evaluation of symbiotic dinitrogen inputs of herbaceous legumes into tropical cover crop systems 

      Ibewiro, B.; Sanginga, P.; Vanlauwe, Bernard; Merckx, R. (2000)
      Reliable estimates of symbiotically fixed N2 in herbaceous legumes are important in order to determine their role in maintaining or improving N levels in tropical low-external-input farming systems. We have studied the effects of different management systems on the suitability of two non-N2-fixing reference crops, imperata [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Rauescel] and maize (Zea mays L.), for estimating N2 fixation in mucuna [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC var. utilis (Wright) Bruck] and lablab [Lablab purpureus ...

    • Utilization of molecular genetic techniques in support of plantain and banana improvement 

      Crouch, H.K.; Ortiz, R.; Crouch, J.H.; Ford-Lloyd, B.; Howell, E.; Newbury, H. (2000)
      Molecular genetic techniques may have a wide range of applications for improving the efficiency of Musa breeding and conservation. These range from analysis of genetic behaviour and structure, germplasm characterization and marker assisted selection. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) appears to have limited application in Musa. Thus, we have concentrated on applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Musagenome analysis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques ...

    • Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genoytpic diversity among plantain landraces (Musa spp., AAB group) 

      Crouch, H.K.; Crouch, J.H.; Madsen, S.; Vuylsteke, D.R.; Ortiz, R. (2000)
      Genetic diversity amongst 76 plantain landraces has been studied using RAPD analysis at two levels of intensity and compared with groupings based on phenotypic indices and morphotype. There was a good correlation (R2=0.78) between estimates of genetic diversity based on 76 RAPD bands and 164 RAPD bands. However, there was a poor correlation between RAPD-based estimates of genetic diversity and a phenotypic index based on agronomic characters. There was also a poor correlation between RAPD analyses ...

    • Applicability of an Agribacteriumbased system for the transformation of Musa species with diverse genomic constitution of ploidy level 

      Bosque-Pérez, N.A.; May, G.; Artzen, C. (2000)
      An Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol was tested using eight clones of Musa with different ploidy and genomic background. These were selected to represent several major groups of Musa including dessert and highland bananas (AAA), cooking bananas (ABB), improved plantain hybrids (AAB X AA) and wild diploids (AA and BB). Following co-cultivation, GUS histochemical activity was detected in tissue of the highland banana cultivar Mbwazirume and the wild diploid Musa balbisiana. For the ...

    • The effect of weather regimes on the leaf area development and dry matter production in cassava 

      Akparobi, S.; Ekanayake, I.J.; Togun, A. (2000)
      Twelve cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) genotypes were grown at two field sites in Nigeria representing lowland and mid-altitude agroecological zones from 1994 to 1996 (Ibadan and Jos). Leaf area development and dry matter partitioning were studied by the destructive growth analyses at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after planting (map). At Ibadan, leaf area index (lAI) was 3.6 and 2.1, while at Jos LAI value of 0.5 and 2 were observed at 6 and 12 maps respectively, during 1994/95 crop season. At Jos, ...

    • Spontaneous somatic tetraploids in cassava 

      Hahn, S.K.; Bai, V.K.; Asiedu, Robert (1992)
      One suspected mutant with the broad, thick and dark green leaves characteristic of tetraploid cassava was found from each of the cassava clones TMS 91934 and TMS 89/00037-17 planted out in the field. Cytological examination confirmed them as tetraploids with chromosomes number 2n=4x=72. The mutants seen to be derived from natural solid mutation of axillary or adventitious buds through somatic chromosomes doubling of the initial cells of the buds as a result of abnormal mitotic division. Somatic ...

    • Genetic variation for total carotene, iron, and zinc contenet in maize genotypes and cassava clones 

      Maziya-Dixon, B.; Kling, J.G.; Menkir, A.; Dixon, A. (2000)
      Deficiencies of vitamin A, iron, and zinc are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, where the diets are mainly plant-based and the intakes of animal products are low. The overall objective of this investigation was to determine the extent of genetic variation of these micronutrients in 16 yellow-seeded improved maize varieties, 109 maize inbred lines (60 from mid-altitude and 49 from lowland/savannah agroecologies), and 162 cassava clones resistant to the cassava mosaic disease. The yellow-seeded ...