| dc.contributor.author | Nyirahakizimana, H. |
| dc.contributor.author | Mwamburi, L. |
| dc.contributor.author | Wakhisi, J. |
| dc.contributor.author | Mutegi, C. |
| dc.contributor.author | Christie, M.E. |
| dc.contributor.author | Wagacha, M. |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-12-04T11:03:54Z |
| dc.date.available | 2019-12-04T11:03:54Z |
| dc.date.issued | 2013 |
| dc.identifier.citation | Nyirahakizimana, H., Mwamburi, L., Wakhisi, J., Mutegi, C., Christie, M.E., & Wagacha, M. (2013). Occurrence of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin contamination in raw and roasted peanuts from formal and informal markets in Eldoret and Kericho towns, Kenya. Advances in Microbiology, 3(04), 333-342. |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2165-3402 |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/1279 |
| dc.description | Published Online: August 2013. |
| dc.description.abstract | The population and diversity of fungal species and levels of aflatoxin contamination were investigated in 228 marketed peanut samples; 140 from formal and 88 from informal markets, in Kericho and Eldoret towns of Kenya. Ground pea- nut samples were cultured on Modified Dichloran Rose Bengal (MDRB) agar while aflatoxin level was quantified based on indirect competitive ELISA. Correlation between the incidence of major aflatoxin-producing fungal species and aflatoxin levels was also established. Fungal species commonly isolated from the peanut samples included Asper-gillus flavus L strain, A. flavus S strain, A. parasiticus, A. tamarii, A. caelatus, A. alliaceus (all of Aspergillus section Flavi) and A. niger. Fungi isolated in low frequency included Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Mucor spp. and Rhi- zopus spp. Aflatoxin levels in peanut products ranged from 0 to 2345 μg/kg in raw peanuts, 0 to 382 μg/kg in roasted coated peanuts, and 0 to 201 μg/kg in roasted de-coated peanuts. Overall, levels of total aflatoxin were higher in sam- ples from informal (mean = 97.1 μg/kg) than formal (mean = 55.5 μg/kg) market outlets. There was a positive and sig- nificant correlation (R2 = 0.63; p ≤ 0.05) between aflatoxin levels and the major aflatoxin producing fungi in raw pea- nuts from formal markets in Eldoret town. Additionally, total aflatoxin in raw peanut samples from informal markets in Kericho was positively and significantly correlated (R2 = 0.81; p ≤ 0.05) to the population of A. flavus (L and S strains). In roasted coated peanuts sampled from formal market outlets in Eldoret, aflatoxin levels correlated positively and sig- nificantly (R2 = 0.37; p ≤ 0.05) with A. flavus S strain. There is need to create awareness among peanut traders and con- sumers on proper handling of peanuts and health risks associated with consumption of unsafe peanut products. |
| dc.description.sponsorship | United States Agency for International Development |
| dc.format.extent | 333-342 |
| dc.language.iso | en |
| dc.subject | Aflatoxins |
| dc.subject | Aspergillus |
| dc.subject | Peanuts |
| dc.subject | Marketing Channels |
| dc.title | Occurrence of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin contamination in raw and roasted peanuts from formal and informal markets in Eldoret and Kericho towns, Kenya |
| dc.type | Journal Article |
| dc.description.version | Peer Review |
| cg.contributor.crp | Grain Legumes |
| cg.contributor.crp | Policies, Institutions and Markets |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | Eldoret University |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | International Institute of Tropical Agriculture |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | University of Nairobi |
| cg.coverage.region | Africa |
| cg.coverage.region | West Africa |
| cg.coverage.country | Kenya |
| cg.authorship.types | CGIAR and developing country institute |
| cg.iitasubject | Aflatoxin |
| cg.iitasubject | Grain Legumes |
| cg.iitasubject | Markets |
| cg.journal | Advances in Microbiology |
| cg.howpublished | Formally Published |
| cg.accessibilitystatus | Open Access |
| local.dspaceid | 78682 |
| cg.identifier.doi | https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aim.2013.34047 |
