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Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change

dc.contributor.authorBandyopadhyay, Ranajit
dc.contributor.authorOrtega-Beltran, A.
dc.contributor.authorAkande, A.
dc.contributor.authorMutegi, C.
dc.contributor.authorAtehnkeng, J.
dc.contributor.authorKaptoge, L.
dc.contributor.authorSenghor, A.L.
dc.contributor.authorAdhikari, B.N.
dc.contributor.authorCotty, P.J.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-04T11:04:34Z
dc.date.available2019-12-04T11:04:34Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.citationBandyopadhyay, R., Ortega-Beltran, A., Akande, A., Mutegi, C., Atehnkeng, J., Kaptoge, L., ... & Cotty, P.J. (2016). Biological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change. World Mycotoxin Journal, 1-20.
dc.identifier.issn1875-0710
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/1457
dc.descriptionArticle purchased; in Press
dc.description.abstractAflatoxin contamination of crops is frequent in warm regions across the globe, including large areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Crop contamination with these dangerous toxins transcends health, food security, and trade sectors. It cuts across the value chain, affecting farmers, traders, markets, and finally consumers. Diverse fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi contaminate crops with aflatoxins. Within these Aspergillus communities, several genotypes are not capable of producing aflatoxins (atoxigenic). Carefully selected atoxigenic genotypes in biological control (biocontrol) formulations efficiently reduce aflatoxin contamination of crops when applied prior to flowering in the field. This safe and environmentally friendly, effective technology was pioneered in the US, where well over a million acres of susceptible crops are treated annually. The technology has been improved for use in sub-Saharan Africa, where efforts are under way to develop biocontrol products, under the trade name Aflasafe, for 11 African nations. The number of participating nations is expected to increase. In parallel, state of the art technology has been developed for large-scale inexpensive manufacture of Aflasafe products under the conditions present in many African nations. Results to date indicate that all Aflasafe products, registered and under experimental use, reduce aflatoxin concentrations in treated crops by >80% in comparison to untreated crops in both field and storage conditions. Benefits of aflatoxin biocontrol technologies are discussed along with potential challenges, including climate change, likely to be faced during the scaling-up of Aflasafe products. Lastly, we respond to several apprehensions expressed in the literature about the use of atoxigenic genotypes in biocontrol formulations. These responses relate to the following apprehensions: sorghum as carrier, distribution costs, aflatoxin-conscious markets, efficacy during drought, post-harvest benefits, risk of allergies and/or aspergillosis, influence of Aflasafe on other mycotoxins and on soil microenvironment, dynamics of Aspergillus genotypes, and recombination between atoxigenic and toxigenic genotypes in natural conditions.
dc.description.sponsorshipBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Agency for International Development
dc.description.sponsorshipFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment for International Development, United Kingdom
dc.description.sponsorshipGlobal Affairs Canada
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Department of Agriculture
dc.description.sponsorshipAustrian Development Agency
dc.format.extent1-20
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectMaize
dc.subjectGroundnuts
dc.subjectClimate Change
dc.subjectFood Security
dc.subjectAspergillus Flavus
dc.subjectAflasafe
dc.subjectCommercialisation
dc.titleBiological control of aflatoxins in Africa: current status and potential challenges in the face of climate change
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.description.versionPeer Review
cg.contributor.crpClimate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationDirection de la Protection des Végétaux, Burundi
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Arizona
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionWest Africa
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.countryNigeria
cg.coverage.countrySenegal
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectAflatoxin
cg.iitasubjectClimate Change
cg.iitasubjectFood Security
cg.journalWorld Mycotoxin Journal
cg.howpublishedFormally Published
cg.accessibilitystatusOpen Access
local.dspaceid80277
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2016.2130


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