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Cocoa agroforestry is less resilient to sub-optimal and extreme climate than cocoa in full sun

dc.contributor.authorAbdulai, I.
dc.contributor.authorVaast, Philippe
dc.contributor.authorHoffmann, M.P.
dc.contributor.authorAsare, R.
dc.contributor.authorJassogne, Laurence T.P.
dc.contributor.authorAsten, Piet J.A. van
dc.contributor.authorRotter, R.P.
dc.contributor.authorGraefe, S.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-04T11:10:31Z
dc.date.available2019-12-04T11:10:31Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationAbdulai, I., Vaast, P., Hoffmann, M.P., Asare, R., Jassogne, L., van Asten, P., ... & Graefe, S. (2017). Cocoa agroforestry is less resilient to sub‐optimal and extreme climate than cocoa in full sun. Global Change Biology, 1-14.
dc.identifier.issn1757-1693
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/2171
dc.descriptionPublished online: 28 Sept 2017
dc.description.abstractCocoa agroforestry is perceived as potential adaptation strategy to sub-optimal or adverse environmental conditions such as drought. We tested this strategy over wet, dry and extremely dry periods comparing cocoa in full sun with agroforestry systems: shaded by (i) a leguminous tree species, Albizia ferruginea and (ii) Antiaris toxicaria, the most common shade tree species in the region. We monitored micro-climate, sap flux density, throughfall, and soil water content from November 2014 to March 2016 at the forest-savannah transition zone of Ghana with climate and drought events during the study period serving as proxy for projected future climatic conditions in marginal cocoa cultivation areas of West Africa. Combined transpiration of cocoa and shade trees was significantly higher than cocoa in full sun during wet and dry periods. During wet period, transpiration rate of cocoa plants shaded by A. ferruginea was significantly lower than cocoa under A. toxicaria and full sun. During the extreme drought of 2015/16, all cocoa plants under A. ferruginea died. Cocoa plants under A. toxicaria suffered 77% mortality and massive stress with significantly reduced sap flux density of 115 g cm−2 day−1, whereas cocoa in full sun maintained higher sap flux density of 170 g cm−2 day−1. Moreover, cocoa sap flux recovery after the extreme drought was significantly higher in full sun (163 g cm−2 day−1) than under A. toxicaria (37 g cm−2 day−1). Soil water content in full sun was higher than in shaded systems suggesting that cocoa mortality in the shaded systems was linked to strong competition for soil water. The present results have major implications for cocoa cultivation under climate change. Promoting shade cocoa agroforestry as drought resilient system especially under climate change needs to be carefully reconsidered as shade tree species such as the recommended leguminous A. ferruginea constitute major risk to cocoa functioning under extended severe drought.
dc.description.sponsorshipFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany
dc.format.extent1-14
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectAgroforestry
dc.subjectHeat
dc.subjectDrought
dc.subjectDensity
dc.subjectSoil Water Deficit
dc.subjectTheobroma Cacao
dc.subjectCocoa (Plant)
dc.subjectTranspiration Rate
dc.subjectSap Flux Density
dc.subjectShade Tree Species
dc.subjectClimate Change
dc.subjectCocoa Agroforestry
dc.subjectAgriculture
dc.titleCocoa agroforestry is less resilient to sub-optimal and extreme climate than cocoa in full sun
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.description.versionPeer Review
cg.contributor.crpClimate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
cg.contributor.crpIntegrated Systems for the Humid Tropics
cg.contributor.affiliationGeorg-August-Universität Göttingen
cg.contributor.affiliationCentre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement
cg.contributor.affiliationWorld Agroforestry Centre
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationCGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionWest Africa
cg.coverage.countryGhana
cg.creator.identifierPhilippe Vaast: 0000-0002-2971-3210
cg.creator.identifierRichard Asare: 0000-0001-6798-7821
cg.creator.identifierLaurence Jassogne: 0000-0002-2106-5001
cg.creator.identifierPiet van Asten: 0000-0003-0584-3552
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectClimate Change
cg.iitasubjectCocoa
cg.iitasubjectForestry
cg.journalGlobal Change Biology
cg.howpublishedFormally Published
cg.accessibilitystatusLimited Access
local.dspaceid90886
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13885


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