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    Fungal communities associated with almond throughout crop development: implications for aflatoxin biocontrol management in California

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    U18ArtOrtegabeltranFungalInthomNodev.pdf (2.150Mb)
    Date
    2018-06-20
    Author
    Ortega-Beltran, A.
    Moral, J.
    Puckett, R.D.
    Morgan, D.P.
    Cotty, P.
    Michailides, T.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
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    Abstract/Description
    Interactions between pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungal species in the tree canopy are complex and can determine if disease will manifest in the plant and in other organisms such as honey bees. Seasonal dynamics of fungi were studied in an almond orchard in California where experimental release of the atoxigenic biopesticide Aspergillus flavus AF36 to displace toxigenic Aspergillus strains has been conducted for five years. The presence of the vegetative compatibility group (VCG) YV36, to which AF36 belongs, in the blossoms, and the honey bees that attend these blossoms, was assessed. In blossoms, A. flavus frequencies ranged from 0 to 4.5%, depending on the year of study. Frequencies of honey bees carrying A. flavus ranged from 6.5 to 10%. Only one A. flavus isolate recovered from a blossom in 2016 belonged to YV36, while members of the VCG were not detected contaminating honey bees. Exposure of pollinator honey bees to AF36 was detected to be very low. The density of several Aspergillus species was found to increase during almond hull split and throughout the final stages of maturation; this also occurred in pistachio orchards during the maturation period. Additionally, we found that AF36 effectively limited almond aflatoxin contamination in laboratory assays. This study provides knowledge and understanding of the seasonal dynamics of Aspergillus fungi and will help design aflatoxin management strategies for almond. The evidence of the low levels of VCG YV36 encountered on almond blossoms and bees during pollination and AF36’s effectiveness in limiting aflatoxin contamination in almond provided additional support for the registration of AF36 with USEPA to use in almond in California.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0199127
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/4079
    Non-IITA Authors ORCID
    Alejandro Ortega-Beltranhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3747-8094
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0199127
    Research Themes
    PLANT PRODUCTION & HEALTH
    IITA Subjects
    Aflatoxin; Disease Control; Plant Health; Plant Production
    Agrovoc Terms
    Almonds; Aflatoxins; Honey Bees; Aspergillus Flavus; California
    Regions
    Acp; North America
    Countries
    United States
    Journals
    PloS ONE
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4835
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