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    Aflatoxin contamination of dried insects and fish in Zambia

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    U18ArtKachapululaEvaluationInthomDev.pdf (2.345Mb)
    Date
    2018-09
    Author
    Kachapulula, P.W,
    Akello, J.
    Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit
    Cotty, P.J.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
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    Abstract/Description
    Dried insects and fish are important sources of income and dietary protein in Zambia. Some aflatoxin-producing fungi are entomopathogenic and also colonize insects and fish after harvest and processing. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, immune-suppressing mycotoxins that are frequent food contaminants worldwide. Several species within Aspergillus section Flavi have been implicated as causal agents of aflatoxin contamination of crops in Africa. However, aflatoxin producers associated with dried fish and edible insects in Zambia remain unknown, and aflatoxin concentrations in these foods have been inadequately evaluated. The current study sought to address these data gaps to assess potential human vulnerability through the dried fish and edible insect routes of aflatoxin exposure. Caterpillars (n = 97), termites (n = 4), and dried fish (n = 66) sampled in 2016 and 2017 were assayed for aflatoxin by using lateral flow immunochromatography. Average aflatoxin concentrations exceeded regulatory limits for Zambia (10 μg/kg) in the moth Gynanisa maja (11 μg/kg), the moth Gonimbrasia zambesina (Walker) (12 μg/kg), and the termite Macrotermes falciger (Gerstacker) (24 μg/kg). When samples were subjected to simulated poor storage, aflatoxins increased (P < 0.001) to unsafe levels in caterpillars (mean, 4,800 μg/kg) and fish (Oreochromis) (mean, 23 μg/kg). The L strain morphotype of A. flavus was the most common aflatoxin producer on dried fish (88% of Aspergillus section Flavi), termites (68%), and caterpillars (61%), with the exception of Gynanisa maja, for which A. parasiticus was the most common (44%). Dried fish and insects supported growth (mean, 1.3 × 109 CFU/g) and aflatoxin production (mean, 63,620 μg/kg) by previously characterized toxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi species, although the extent of growth and aflatoxigenicity depended on specific fungus-host combinations. The current study shows the need for proper storage and testing of dried insects and fish before consumption as measures to mitigate human exposure to aflatoxins through consumption in Zambia.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-527
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/4631
    Non-IITA Authors ORCID
    Juliet Akellohttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-4850
    Ranajit Bandyopadhyayhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-4298
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-527
    Research Themes
    PLANT PRODUCTION & HEALTH
    IITA Subjects
    Plant Health; Plant Production
    Agrovoc Terms
    Aspergillus; Fish; Gonimbrasia; Insects
    Regions
    Africa; East Africa
    Countries
    Zambia
    Journals
    Journal of Food Protection
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4839
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