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Evaluating the efficacy of biological control of three of three exotic homopteran pests in Tropical Africa

dc.contributor.authorNeuenschwander, P.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-04T11:33:30Z
dc.date.available2019-12-04T11:33:30Z
dc.date.issued1996-09
dc.identifier.citationNeuenschwander, P. (1996). Evaluating the efficacy of biological control of three exotic homopteran pests in tropical Africa. Entomophaga, 41(3/4), 405-424.
dc.identifier.issn1386-6141
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/5706
dc.description.abstractTechniques for evaluating biological control of cassava mealybug (Phenacoccusmanihoti Matile-Ferrero), mango mealybug (Rastrococcus invadens Williams), and spiralling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus Russell) are described. In each case, two exotic hymenopterous parasitoids were introduced. Alone or together, they brought the pests under control, while indigenous and exotic coccinelIids played a minor role. Control was achieved in large areas where the exotic parasitoid(s) had been present for more than 2-4 years. The impact was documented by (1) exclusion experiments; (2) long-term population dynamics studies; (3) laboratory and field experiments contributing to simulation models; and, most importantly, (4) quantitative results from large-scale surveys evaluated by multivariate analyses. In many countries, the main introduced parasitoid proved to be the most important factor contributing to the decline of the pest populations, recovery of plant growth and yields. Non-target species were only affected through the reduction in their food sources. The impact was scale-neutral, benefitting subsistence farmers and commercial farmers alike. The population reduction remained stable (in the order of ten times over outbreak levels). In economic terms, excluding ecological and health benefits, both the P. manihoti and R. invadens projects returned benefits to African farmers that amounted to a multiple of the research and implementation costs paid for by development agencies. Sound evaluation of the efficiency of biological control is considered to have been one of the pillars for the ultimate success of these projects.
dc.description.sponsorshipAustrian Development Agency
dc.description.sponsorshipDanish International Development Agency
dc.description.sponsorshipFederal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany
dc.description.sponsorshipItalian Agency for Development Cooperation
dc.description.sponsorshipNorwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
dc.description.sponsorshipSwiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
dc.description.sponsorshipDirectorate-General for International Cooperation, the Netherlands
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Agency for International Development
dc.description.sponsorshipAfrican Development Bank
dc.description.sponsorshipInternational Fund for Agricultural Development
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectBiological Control
dc.subjectPhenacoccus Manihoti
dc.subjectRastrococcus Invadens
dc.subjectAleurodicus Dispersus
dc.subjectApoanagyrus
dc.subjectGyranusoidea
dc.subjectAnagyrus
dc.subjectEncarsia
dc.subjectImpact Assessment
dc.subjectFarmers
dc.subjectCassava
dc.subjectPests Of Plants
dc.subjectPlant Diseases
dc.titleEvaluating the efficacy of biological control of three of three exotic homopteran pests in Tropical Africa
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionWest Africa
cg.coverage.regionAfrica South Of Sahara
cg.coverage.countryBenin
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR single centre
cg.iitasubjectSmallholder Farmers
cg.iitasubjectCassava
cg.iitasubjectPests Of Plants
cg.iitasubjectPlant Diseases
cg.accessibilitystatusLimited Access
local.dspaceid104986
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765793


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