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    Quality requirements in natural enemies used for inoculative release: Practical experience from a successful biological control programme

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    Journal Article (1.037Mb)
    Date
    1989
    Author
    Neuenschwander, P.
    Haug, T.
    Ajounu, O.
    Davis, H.
    Akinwumi, B.
    Madojemu, E.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review Status
    Peer Review
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract/Description
    During the past six years, the South-American encyrtid wasp Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) was released from the ground and from the air in about 100 areas in Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug (CM) Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. It was established in all release sites and, in 1988, occurred in 18 African countries over 1.5 mio. km2. Its efficiency in permanently reducing CM populations has been documented. E. lopezi was reared on its original host plant, cassava, and on the original insect host, the CM. Rearing methods for plants, CM, and E. lopezi were developed in the course of the actual production of parasitoids for release. Continuous production without bottlenecks was assured by >50 rearing units with potted plants and by large mechanized cages with hydroponic cultures, where cassava, insect host and parasitoid were reared in the same unit. Timing of parasitoid infestation and inoculum size were improved through in-depth biological and ecological studies. Host instar preference, host feeding and other nutritional requirements, mutilation of hosts, low reproductive capacity, superparasitism, and developmental time were taken into account for efficient rearing, storage, and transport. The successful establishment of E. lopezi, its spread, and efficiency in Africa attest to the production of sufficient numbers of wasps of high quality. Insect and plant studies, technology development, and careful supervision contributed to good quality which, in inoculative releases, takes precedence over high numbers.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1989.tb00475.x
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7012
    IITA Authors ORCID
    Peter NEUENSCHWANDERhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-0376
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1989.tb00475.x
    Research Themes
    Plant Production and Health
    IITA Subjects
    Cassava; Disease Control
    Agrovoc Terms
    Cassava; Nutritional Requirements; Biological Control; Epidinocarsis Lopezi; Inoculative; Natural Enemies; Mealybug; Parasitoid Culture
    Regions
    Africa; West Africa
    Countries
    Nigeria
    Hubs
    Headquarters and Western Africa Hub
    Journals
    Journal of Applied Entomology
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4835
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