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    Genetic diversity and population structure of early and extra-early maturing maize germplasm adapted to sub-Saharan Africa

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    Journal Article (1.304Mb)
    Date
    2021
    Author
    Badu-Apraku, B.
    Garcia-Oliveira, A.L.
    Petroli, C.D.
    Hearne, S.
    Adewale, S.A.
    Gedil, M.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review Status
    Peer Review
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
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    Abstract/Description
    Background Assessment and effective utilization of genetic diversity in breeding programs is crucial for sustainable genetic improvement and rapid adaptation to changing breeding objectives. During the past two decades, the commercialization of the early and extra-early maturing cultivars has contributed to rapid expansion of maize into different agro-ecologies of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where maize has become an important component of the agricultural economy and played a vital role in food and nutritional security. The present study aimed at understanding the population structure and genetic variability among 439 early and extra-early maize inbred lines developed from three narrow-based and twenty-seven broad-based populations by the International Iinstitute of Tropical Agriculture Maize Improvement Program (IITA-MIP). These inbreds were genotyped using 9642 DArTseq-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers distributed uniformly throughout the maize genome. Results About 40.8% SNP markers were found highly informative and exhibited polymorphic information content (PIC) greater than 0.25. The minor allele frequency and PIC ranged from 0.015 to 0.500 and 0.029 to 0.375, respectively. The STRUCTURE, neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) grouped the inbred lines into four major classes generally consistent with the selection history, ancestry and kernel colour of the inbreds but indicated a complex pattern of the genetic structure. The pattern of grouping of the lines based on the STRUCTURE analysis was in concordance with the results of the PCoA and suggested greater number of sub-populations (K = 10). Generally, the classification of the inbred lines into heterotic groups based on SNP markers was reasonably reliable and in agreement with defined heterotic groups of previously identified testers based on combining ability studies. Conclusions Complete understanding of potential heterotic groups would be difficult to portray by depending solely on molecular markers. Therefore, planned crosses involving representative testers from opposing heterotic groups would be required to refine the existing heterotic groups. It is anticipated that the present set of inbreds could contribute new beneficial alleles for population improvement, development of hybrids and lines with potential to strengthen future breeding programs. Results of this study would help breeders in formulating breeding strategies for genetic enhancement and sustainable maize production in SSA.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02829-6
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7085
    IITA Authors ORCID
    BAFFOUR BADU-APRAKUhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-5487
    Garcia-Oliveira ALhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-4172
    Cesar Petrolihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-248X
    Sarah Hearnehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-2450
    Samuel Adewalehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0331-7201
    Melaku Gedilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-6014
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02829-6
    Research Themes
    Biotech and Plant Breeding
    IITA Subjects
    Agronomy; Maize; Plant Breeding; Plant Genetic Resources; Plant Production
    Agrovoc Terms
    Maize; Zea Mays; Genetics; Population Structure; Subsaharan Africa; Genetic Diversity (resources)
    Regions
    Africa; Africa South of Sahara; West Africa
    Countries
    Ghana; Mali; Nigeria
    Hubs
    Headquarters and Western Africa Hub
    Journals
    BMC Plant Biology
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4835
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