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Aflatoxin contamination in Tanzania: quantifying the problem in maize and groundnuts from rural households

dc.contributor.authorBoni, S.
dc.contributor.authorBeed, F.
dc.contributor.authorKimanya, M.
dc.contributor.authorKoyano, E.
dc.contributor.authorMponda, O.
dc.contributor.authorMamiro, D.
dc.contributor.authorKaoneka, B.
dc.contributor.authorBandyopadhyay, R.
dc.contributor.authorKorie, S.
dc.contributor.authorMahuku, G.
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-17T11:20:31Z
dc.date.available2021-06-17T11:20:31Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationBoni, S.B., Beed, F., Kimanya, M.E., Koyano, E., Mponda, O., Mamiro, D., ... & Mahuku, G. (2021). Aflatoxin contamination in Tanzania: quantifying the problem in maize and groundnuts from rural households. World Mycotoxin Journal, 1-12.
dc.identifier.issn1875-0710
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7133
dc.description.abstractAflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolites, produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which contaminate food and feed and threaten human and animal health. To assess the prevalence of aflatoxins in Tanzania, 180 groundnut and 200 maize samples were collected from 9 and 10 districts, respectively. Aflatoxin contamination was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. Aflatoxins were detected in samples collected from all districts and prevalence ranged from 92 to 100% for groundnuts and 10 to 80% for maize. The mean aflatoxin level for groundnuts was 6.37 μg/kg and the highly contaminated sample had 40.31 μg/kg. For maize, the mean aflatoxin level was 12.47 μg/kg and the highly contaminated sample had 162.40 μg/kg. The estimated average probable daily intake (APDI) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from groundnuts consumption was 1.88 ng/kg body weight/day, while for maize, it ranged between 151.98-272.89 ng/kg body weight/day. The APDI for both groundnut and maize exceeded the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of AFB1 for adults (1 ng/kg body weight/day), bringing about health concerns for populations in Tanzania. Another alarming finding was that 75% of the farmers who provided samples for analysis were not aware of aflatoxins or the negative health impacts from consuming contaminated products. Results reported in this paper show that aflatoxin contaminated staple crops are widely distributed in Tanzania and that the risk of human exposure is high due to diet preferences. Awareness campaigns are required to inform and protect farmers and consumers.
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Agency for International Development
dc.description.sponsorshipBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
dc.format.extent1-12
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectMycotoxins
dc.subjectMaize
dc.subjectAflatoxins
dc.subjectAspergillus Flavus
dc.subjectTanzania
dc.subjectGrandnuts
dc.titleAflatoxin contamination in Tanzania: quantifying the problem in maize and groundnuts from rural households
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.crpMaize
cg.contributor.crpRoots, Tubers and Bananas
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationWorld Agroforestry Centre
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
cg.contributor.affiliationThe Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology
cg.contributor.affiliationWorld Vision International
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Tanzania
cg.contributor.affiliationSokoine University of Agriculture
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEast Africa
cg.coverage.countryTanzania
cg.coverage.hubEastern Africa Hub
cg.coverage.hubHeadquarters and Western Africa Hub
cg.researchthemePlant Production and Health
cg.identifier.bibtexciteidBONI:2021
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectAflatoxin
cg.iitasubjectAgronomy
cg.iitasubjectDisease Control
cg.iitasubjectFood Security
cg.iitasubjectMaize
cg.iitasubjectPlant Breeding
cg.iitasubjectPlant Diseases
cg.iitasubjectPlant Production
cg.journalWorld Mycotoxin Journal
cg.notesPublished online: 28 Apr 2021
cg.accessibilitystatusOpen Access
cg.reviewstatusPeer Review
cg.usagerightslicenseCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 0.0)
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2020.2646
cg.iitaauthor.identifierRanajit Bandyopadhyay: 0000-0003-2422-4298
cg.iitaauthor.identifierGeorge Mahuku: 0000-0001-8444-8651
cg.futureupdate.descriptionvolume number
cg.futureupdate.requiredYes
cg.futureupdate.duration3 Months
cg.contributor.acknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank TFDA for aflatoxin analysis, SUA, TPRI and MA in Tanzania for attending the stakeholders’ inception workshop and helping with the survey and sample collection; IITA as a host and all other participants in the stakeholders’ inception workshop including Civil Education is the Solution for Poverty and Environmental Management (CESOPE) – all Tanzanian and Ohio State University – international institutions. This study was jointly funded by the USAID’s Feed the Future Africa Rising initiative and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1007117) as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH).


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