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dc.contributor.authorSaito, K.
dc.contributor.authorSix, J.
dc.contributor.authorKomatsu, S.
dc.contributor.authorSnapp, S.
dc.contributor.authorRosenstock, T.S.
dc.contributor.authorArouna, A.
dc.contributor.authorCole, S.M.
dc.contributor.authorTaulya, G.
dc.contributor.authorVanlauwe, B.
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-27T11:45:28Z
dc.date.available2021-07-27T11:45:28Z
dc.date.issued2021-08
dc.identifier.citationSaito, K., Six, J., Komatsu, S., Snapp, S., Rosenstock, T., Arouna, A., ... & Vanlauwe, B. (2021). Agronomic gain: definition, approach, and application. Field Crops Research, 270, 108193: 1-15.
dc.identifier.issn0378-4290
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7189
dc.description.abstractMeeting future global staple crop demand requires continual productivity improvement. Many performance indicators have been proposed to track and measure the increase in productivity while minimizing environmental degradation. However, their use has lagged behind theory, and has not been uniform across crops in different geographies. The consequence is an uneven understanding of opportunities for sustainable intensification. Simple but robust key performance indicators (KPIs) are needed to standardize knowledge across crops and geographies. This paper defines a new term ‘agronomic gain’ based on an improvement in KPIs, including productivity, resource use efficiencies, and soil health that a specific single or combination of agronomic practices delivers under certain environmental conditions. We apply the concept of agronomic gain to the different stages of science-based agronomic innovations and provide a description of different approaches used to assess agronomic gain including yield gap assessment, meta-data analysis, on-station and on-farm studies, impact assessment, panel studies, and use of subnational and national statistics for assessing KPIs at different stages. We mainly focus on studies on rice in sub-Saharan Africa, where large yield gaps exist. Rice is one of the most important staple food crops and plays an essential role in food security in this region. Our analysis identifies major challenges in the assessment of agronomic gain, including differentiating agronomic gain from genetic gain, unreliable in-person interviews, and assessment of some KPIs at a larger scale. To overcome these challenges, we suggest to (i) conduct multi-environment trials for assessing variety × agronomic practice × environment interaction on KPIs, and (ii) develop novel approaches for assessing KPIs, through development of indirect methods using remote-sensing technology, mobile devices for systematized site characterization, and establishment of empirical relationships among KPIs or between agronomic practices and KPIs.
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union
dc.description.sponsorshipInternational Fund for Agricultural Development
dc.description.sponsorshipBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
dc.format.extent1-15
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectOryza Sativa
dc.subjectAgronomy
dc.subjectProductivity
dc.subjectSustainability
dc.titleAgronomic gain: definition, approach, and application
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.crpMaize
cg.contributor.crpRoots, Tubers and Bananas
cg.contributor.affiliationAfrica Rice Center
cg.contributor.affiliationETH Zürich
cg.contributor.affiliationThe University of Tokyo
cg.contributor.affiliationMichigan State University
cg.contributor.affiliationCenter for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.coverage.hubEastern Africa Hub
cg.coverage.hubCentral Africa Hub
cg.researchthemeNatural Resource Management
cg.identifier.bibtexciteidSAITO:2021
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.iitasubjectAgronomy
cg.iitasubjectFarming Systems
cg.iitasubjectGrain Legumes
cg.iitasubjectPlant Breeding
cg.iitasubjectPlant Production
cg.journalField Crops Research
cg.notesOpen Access Article; Published online: 18 Jun 2021
cg.accessibilitystatusOpen Access
cg.reviewstatusPeer Review
cg.usagerightslicenseCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 0.0)
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108193
cg.iitaauthor.identifierTodd Rosenstock: 0000-0002-1958-9500
cg.iitaauthor.identifierGodfrey Taulya: 0000-0002-5690-0492
cg.iitaauthor.identifierbernard vanlauwe: 0000-0001-6016-6027
cg.futureupdate.requiredNo
cg.identifier.issue108193
cg.identifier.volume270
cg.contributor.acknowledgementsThis study was financially supported by the European Union and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) under the project “Sustainable and Diversified Rice-based Farming Systems [DCIFOOD/2015/360-968]” under the program “Putting Research into Use for Nutrition, Sustainable Agriculture and Resilience (PRUNSAR)” and CGIAR Excellence in Agronomy 2030 (Incubation Phase), which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


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