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    Degradation of aflatoxins B1 by atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus biocontrol agents

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    Journal Article (980.9Kb)
    Date
    2021-09
    Author
    Maxwell, L.A.
    Callicott, K.
    Bandyopadhyay, R.
    Mehl, H.L.
    Orbach, M.J.
    Cotty, P.J.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review Status
    Peer Review
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
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    Abstract/Description
    Aflatoxins are potent Aspergillus mycotoxins that contaminate food and feed, thereby impacting health and trade. Biopesticides with atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates as active ingredients are used to reduce aflatoxin contamination in crops. The mechanism of aflatoxin biocontrol is primarily attributed to competitive exclusion but, sometimes, aflatoxin is reduced by greater amounts than can be explained by displacement of aflatoxin-producing fungi on the crop. Objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the ability of atoxigenic A. flavus genotypes to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and (ii) characterize impacts of temperature, time, and nutrient availability on AFB1 degradation by atoxigenic A. flavus. Aflatoxin-contaminated maize was inoculated with atoxigenic isolates in three separate experiments that included different atoxigenic genotypes, temperature, and time as variables. Atoxigenic genotypes varied in aflatoxin degradation but all degraded AFB1 >44% after 7 days at 30°C. The optimum temperature for AFB1 degradation was 25 to 30°C, which is similar to the optimum range for AFB1 production. In a time-course experiment, atoxigenics degraded 40% of AFB1 within 3 days, and 80% of aflatoxin was degraded by day 21. Atoxigenic isolates were able to degrade and utilize AFB1 as a sole carbon source in a chemically defined medium but quantities of AFB1 degraded declined as glucose concentrations increased. Degradation may be an additional mechanism through which atoxigenic A. flavus biocontrol products reduce aflatoxin contamination pre- or postharvest. Thus, selection of optimal atoxigenic active ingredients can include assessment of both competitive ability in agricultural fields and their ability to degrade aflatoxins.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-21-0066-re
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7325
    IITA Authors ORCID
    Ranajit Bandyopadhyayhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-4298
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-21-0066-re
    Research Themes
    Plant Production and Health
    IITA Subjects
    Aflatoxin; Agronomy
    Agrovoc Terms
    Maize; Aflatoxins; Aspergillus Flavus; Biological Control Agents; Degradation
    Regions
    Africa; West Africa
    Countries
    Nigeria
    Hubs
    Headquarters and Western Africa Hub
    Journals
    Plant Disease
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4835
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