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Aflatoxin contamination of maize, groundnut, and sorghum grown in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger and aflatoxin exposure assessment

dc.contributor.authorFalade, T.D.O.
dc.contributor.authorNeya, A.
dc.contributor.authorBonkoungou, S.
dc.contributor.authorDagno, K.
dc.contributor.authorBasso, A.
dc.contributor.authorSenghor, A.L.
dc.contributor.authorAtehnkeng, J.
dc.contributor.authorOrtega-Beltran, A.
dc.contributor.authorBandyopadhyay, R.
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-25T07:21:54Z
dc.date.available2022-10-25T07:21:54Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.identifier.citationFalade, T.D.O., Neya, A., Bonkoungou, S., Dagno, K., Basso, A., Senghor, A.L., ... & Bandyopadhyay, R. (2022). Aflatoxin contamination of maize, groundnut, and sorghum grown in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger and aflatoxin exposure assessment. Toxins, 14(10): 700,1-15.
dc.identifier.issn2072-6651
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7900
dc.description.abstractAflatoxin contamination of staple crops by Aspergillus flavus and closely related fungi is common across the Sahel region of Africa. Aflatoxins in maize, groundnut, and sorghum collected at harvest or from farmers’ stores within two weeks of harvest from Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger were quantified. Thereafter, aflatoxin exposure values were assessed using per capita consumption rates of those crops. Mean aflatoxin concentrations in maize were high, 128, 517, and 659 µg/kg in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. The estimated probable daily intake (PDI) of aflatoxins from maize ranged from 6 to 69, 29 to 432, and 310 to 2100 ng/kg bw/day in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. Similarly, mean aflatoxin concentrations in sorghum were high, 76 and 259 µg/kg in Mali and Niger, respectively, with an estimated PDI of 2–133 and 706–2221. For groundnut, mean aflatoxin concentrations were 115, 277, and 628 µg/kg in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. Aflatoxin exposure values were high with an estimated 9, 28, and 126 liver cancer cases/100,000 persons/year in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, respectively. Several samples were extremely unsafe, exceeding manyfold regulatory levels of diverse countries (up to 2000 times more). Urgent attention is needed across the Sahel for integrated aflatoxin management for public health protection, food and nutrition security, and access to trade opportunities.
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Department of Agriculture
dc.description.sponsorshipRoyal Norwegian Embassy in Mali
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Commission
dc.description.sponsorshipBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Agency for International Development
dc.format.extent1-15
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectAflatoxins
dc.subjectCrops
dc.subjectSahel
dc.subjectExposure Tolerance
dc.subjectFood Security
dc.subjectWest Africa
dc.titleAflatoxin contamination of maize, groundnut, and sorghum grown in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger and aflatoxin exposure assessment
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.crpMaize
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationInstitut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Burkina Faso
cg.contributor.affiliationInstitut d’Économie Rurale, Mali
cg.contributor.affiliationInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionWest Africa
cg.coverage.countryBurkina Faso (Upper Volta)
cg.coverage.countryMali
cg.coverage.countryNiger
cg.coverage.hubHeadquarters and Western Africa Hub
cg.researchthemePlant Production and Health
cg.researchthemeSocial Science and Agribusiness
cg.identifier.bibtexciteidFALADE:2022
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectAflatoxin
cg.iitasubjectAgronomy
cg.iitasubjectFood Security
cg.iitasubjectMaize
cg.iitasubjectPlant Breeding
cg.iitasubjectPlant Health
cg.iitasubjectPlant Production
cg.journalToxins
cg.notesOpen Access Article; Published online: 12 Oct 2022
cg.accessibilitystatusOpen Access
cg.reviewstatusPeer Review
cg.usagerightslicenseCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 0.0)
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100700
cg.iitaauthor.identifierTitilayo Falade: 0000-0001-5562-7861
cg.iitaauthor.identifierAlejandro Ortega-Beltran: 0000-0003-3747-8094
cg.iitaauthor.identifierRanajit Bandyopadhyay: 0000-0003-2422-4298
cg.futureupdate.requiredNo
cg.identifier.issue10
cg.identifier.volume14
cg.contributor.acknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the farmers providing the samples used in the study. Support of the staff of the various institutions contributing to sampling and aflatoxin analysis is highly appreciated.


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