| dc.contributor.author | Dakagan, J.B. |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-10-31T09:24:45Z |
| dc.date.available | 2022-10-31T09:24:45Z |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 |
| dc.identifier.citation | Dakagan, J.B. (2021). Smallholder farmers' constraints to maize growth and yield variability in the northern guinea savannah of Nigeria. Kano, Nigeria: Bayero University Kano, (226p.). |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/7921 |
| dc.description.abstract | Maize yield has been on the decline on smallholder farms, where the bulk of maize for different uses is produced in the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. This study analyzed smallholder farmers‘ constraints to maize growth and yield variability in the Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) of Nigeria for yield optimization. It temporally covers 2017 and 2018 at 4 Weeks After Sowing (WAS) and 8WAS. For Ikara in Kaduna State and Doguwa in Kano State, 30 and 31 farmers respectively were purposively selected for the study. Data collected on the ground included normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), canopy cover (CC), leaf area index (LAI), Plant Height (PH) and insitu maize yield. Remotely sensed images were acquired using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Soil samples were taken from each quadrat on smallholder farms and composited into 31 samples in Doguwa and 30 in Ikara. Raw images from the UAV multispectral sensors were processed using Pix4D mapper software and ArcGIS 10.4. Results indicated that LAI and CC were efficient in monitoring and estimating yield, and were positively correlated at R2 value of 0.70 to 0.89 in 2017, and R2 of 0.83 to 0.99 in 2018. In 2017, PH estimated maize yield at 8WAS at R2 value of 0.74 in Doguwa and R2 value of 0.59 in Ikara. In 2018, PH estimated maize yield more in Doguwa at 8WAS with R2 value of 0.40, and estimated maize yield more in Ikara at 8WAS with R2 value of 0.60. In combination with LAI and CC, plant height explained yield variability more at the most critical growth stage (8WAS). The highest qualificationin Ikara (63.3%) was secondary certificate and total income (83.3%) came from farm produce. In Doguwa, late onset of rain (96.3%) caused poor timing and early cessation (70.4%) caused poor yield. Income significant influenced maize yield where amount from sales of other crops was significant (p = 0.00389), total income was significant (p = 0.00536), cash spent on maize farm was significant (p = 0.02849) and amount from maize sales also significantly influenced maize yield (p = 0.04455). Coefficient of variability indicated soil properties were low, and 90% had medium variability. Geostatistics indicated that potential of Hydrogen (pH), Sodium (Na), Phosphous (P), Nitrogen (N), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Organic Matter (OC) are strong in Doguwa. In Ikara N, K and OC had strong spatial dependence. Smallholder farmers were categorized into three clusters. Cluster 1 farmers applied average of 15.3t/ha of manure and realized average maize yield of 5.41t/ha. Cluster 2 farmers had the highest average yield of 5.92t/ha, and applied average manure of 13t/ha with the highest average NPK of 1.38t/ha and Urea of 1.66t/ha respectively. Cluster 3 smallholder farmers applied an average of 7t/ha of manure on their relatively higher average farm sizes of 0.3 ha. Smallholder farmers in cluster 3 realized lowest average yield of 4.6t/ha. Smallholder farmers should invest in manure application as a means of improving maize yield. Interventions by government at national, state and local levels are necessary to strengthen smallholder farmers‘ capacity in acquiring inputs that significantly improves maize yield. |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation |
| dc.format.extent | 226p. |
| dc.language.iso | en |
| dc.publisher | Bayero University Kano |
| dc.subject | Maize |
| dc.subject | Smallholders |
| dc.subject | Farmers |
| dc.subject | Food Security |
| dc.subject | Yields |
| dc.subject | Nigeria |
| dc.subject | Growth |
| dc.subject | Soil |
| dc.subject | Income |
| dc.title | Smallholder farmers' constraints to maize growth and yield variability in the northern guinea savannah of Nigeria |
| dc.type | Thesis |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | Bayero University Kano |
| cg.contributor.affiliation | International Institute of Tropical Agriculture |
| cg.coverage.region | Africa |
| cg.coverage.region | West Africa |
| cg.coverage.country | Nigeria |
| cg.identifier.bibtexciteid | DAKAGAN:2021 |
| cg.authorship.types | CGIAR and developing country institute |
| cg.iitasubject | Agribusiness |
| cg.iitasubject | Agronomy |
| cg.iitasubject | Food Security |
| cg.iitasubject | Grain Legumes |
| cg.iitasubject | Livelihoods |
| cg.iitasubject | Plant Breeding |
| cg.iitasubject | Plant Production |
| cg.iitasubject | Smallholder Farmers |
| cg.iitasubject | Soil Fertility |
| cg.notes | IITA supervisor: Dr. J. Adewopo |
| cg.publicationplace | Kano, Nigeria |
| cg.accessibilitystatus | Limited Access |
| cg.reviewstatus | Internal Review |
| cg.usagerightslicense | Copyrighted; all rights reserved |
| cg.targetaudience | Scientists |
| cg.futureupdate.required | No |
| cg.contributor.acknowledgements | I am tempted to overlook this portion for fear of oversight, but tradition demands otherwise. My sincere appreciation goes to National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), and especially to the Coordinator of Advanced Space Technology Applications Laboratory (ASTAL), Dr. Ibrahim. Y. Tudunwada for granting me the study leave to pursue this PhD programme.
I want to specially appreciate my supervisors for being so wonderful in seeing that this project is a reality. Prof. Maharazu A. Yusuf played a fatherly and mentoring role in making sure I carried on no matter the challenges. Thanks to Ass. Prof. L.F Buba who was always there from the application of the Graduate Research Fellow with IITA to the end of my Ph.D studies at Bayero University Kano. Appreciation also to my internal examiner and PhD Coordinator of Geography Department BUK, Dr. Tasi‘u R.Yalwa for not only taking time to critically go through this work, but also raising observations and making vital inputs. Dr. J. Adewopo, my co-supervisor from IITA challenged me earlier in the course of my PhD programme with tasks that later became useful when I really needed to be up and doing in the data analysis. Profound gratitude also to my External Supervisor, Professor Abdulhamed A. Ibrahim for additional observations in the work.
I want to wholeheartedly appreciate IITA for incorporating me as a student into the Taking Maize Agronomy to Scale in Africa (TAMASA) project sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This research is a product of collaboration between Geography Department of BUK and IITA Kano. IITA was responsible for most of the data collected for this research without which this work couldn‘t have seen the light of the day. Thanks for the privilege to be a beneficiary of this wonderful research collaboration. Thanks to my unit supervisor at IITA Kano Mrs. Heline Jerome for all the assistance in data collection and editing. Without these supervisors‘ input, encouragement and academic discipline, this work would have been a failure. General appreciation to the academic staff of Geography Department BUK for constructive criticism that made us work harder to come up with this thesis, may God enlarge the course of your brains for further contributions.
My period of study came under serious disturbing challenges demanding I sought help from well spirited individuals. I am highly indebted to Bar. Isaac Lapte of ITF Jos, Dr. Shem Bulus of Porters Specialist Hospital Jos, Dr. Martins Akanang, Dr. Nkeki Kamai of N2A IITA, Bar. Peter Olaojola of NASRDA, Elder David Okpanachi of Shoprite Mall Kano, Eng. Geofrey Jwan of DPR, Mr. and Mrs. Shedrack Wuyep, Mr and Mrs Samuel Dawel, Shepkwoet Dakiem, Anna Dasuwar, Herbert Emeneke of NASRDA, Gabriel Naanma of NASRDA, COCIN Kano family, COCIN Anguldi, Eng. and Mrs. Chai Wang, Mr. Chai Gang of CBN, DCP Patrick, Aunty Caroline Jepleng, Mr. Ogunyemi Samson of NASRDA, friends, in-laws, and my family who believe I have a brain. |
