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Micro-climatic variations across Malawi have a greater influence on maize susceptibility to aflatoxins than to fumonisins

dc.contributor.authorNg’ambi, J.T.
dc.contributor.authorAtehnkeng, J.
dc.contributor.authorMonjerezi, M.
dc.contributor.authorNgongondo, C.
dc.contributor.authorVunain, E.
dc.contributor.authorChing’anda, C.
dc.contributor.authorOrtega-Beltran, A.
dc.contributor.authorCotty, P.J.
dc.contributor.authorMatumba, L.
dc.contributor.authorBandyopadhyay, R.
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-26T09:10:31Z
dc.date.available2023-01-26T09:10:31Z
dc.date.issued2022-11-29
dc.identifier.citationNg’ambi, J.T., Atehnkeng, J., Monjerezi, M., Ngongondo, C., Vunain, E., Ching’anda, C., ... & Bandyopadhyay, R. (2022). Micro-climatic variations across Malawi have a greater influence on contamination of maize with aflatoxins than with fumonisins. Mycotoxin Research, 1-12.
dc.identifier.issn0178-7888
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/8029
dc.description.abstractThis study reports levels of aflatoxin and fumonisin in maize samples (n = 1294) from all agroecological zones (AEZs) in Malawi. Most maize samples (> 75%) were contaminated with aflatoxins and 45% with fumonisins, which co-occurred in 38% of the samples. Total aflatoxins varied across the AEZs, according to mean annual temperature (P < 0.05) of the AEZs. Samples from the lower Shire AEZ (median = 20.8 µg/kg) had higher levels of aflatoxins (P < 0.05) than those from the other AEZs (median = 3.0 µg/kg). Additionally, the majority (75%) of the positive samples from the lower Shire AEZ had aflatoxin levels exceeding the EU regulatory limit (4 µg/kg), whereas 25%, 37%, and 39% of positive samples exceeded the threshold in the mid-elevation, Lake Shore and upper and middle Shire, and highlands AEZs, respectively. The lower Shire AEZ is characterised by higher mean temperatures throughout the year and low erratic rainfall. However, total fumonisins did not show significant variation across AEZs, but all positive samples exceeded 150 µg/kg, required for tolerable daily intake of 1.0 µg/kg body weight per day, established by the European Food Safety Authority Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain. Therefore, results of this study suggest that contamination of maize with aflatoxin responds to micro-climate more than with fumonisins. In addition, the data will be useful to public health policy-makers and stakeholders to articulate and implement monitoring and mitigation programs.
dc.description.sponsorshipBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Agency for International Development
dc.format.extent1-12
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectAflatoxins
dc.subjectFumonisins
dc.subjectMaize
dc.subjectMalawi
dc.titleMicro-climatic variations across Malawi have a greater influence on maize susceptibility to aflatoxins than to fumonisins
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.crpMaize
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Malawi
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Arizona
cg.contributor.affiliationOcean University of China
cg.contributor.affiliationLilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Africa
cg.coverage.countryMalawi
cg.coverage.hubHeadquarters and Western Africa Hub
cg.researchthemePlant Production and Health
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectAflatoxin
cg.iitasubjectAgronomy
cg.iitasubjectDisease Control
cg.iitasubjectFood Security
cg.iitasubjectMaize
cg.iitasubjectPlant Breeding
cg.iitasubjectPlant Health
cg.iitasubjectPlant Production
cg.journalMycotoxin Research
cg.notesPublished online: 29 Nov 2022
cg.accessibilitystatusLimited Access
cg.reviewstatusPeer Review
cg.usagerightslicenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12550-022-00471-1
cg.iitaauthor.identifierAlejandro Ortega-Beltran: 0000-0003-3747-8094
cg.iitaauthor.identifierRanajit Bandyopadhyay: 0000-0003-2422-4298
cg.futureupdate.descriptionAttachment of PDF
cg.futureupdate.requiredYes
cg.futureupdate.duration3 Months


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