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Occurrence and distribution of major cassava pests and diseases in cultivated cassava varieties in western Kenya

dc.contributor.authorWosula, E.N.
dc.contributor.authorShirima, R.R.
dc.contributor.authorAmour, M.
dc.contributor.authorWoyengo, V.W.
dc.contributor.authorOtunga, M.
dc.contributor.authorLegg, J.
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-23T09:13:01Z
dc.date.available2024-09-23T09:13:01Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-15
dc.identifier.citationWosula, E.N., Shirima, R.R., Amour, M., Woyengo, V.W., Otunga, M. & Legg, J. (2024). Occurrence and distribution of major cassava pests and diseases in cultivated cassava varieties in Western Kenya. Viruses, 16(9): 1469, 1-22.
dc.identifier.issn1999-4915
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/8549
dc.description.abstractCassava is an important food crop in western Kenya, yet its production is challenged by pests and diseases that require routine monitoring to guide development and deployment of control strategies. Field surveys were conducted in 2022 and 2023 to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), whitefly numbers and incidence of cassava green mite (CGM) in six counties of western Kenya. Details of the encountered cassava varieties were carefully recorded to determine the adoption of improved varieties. A total of 29 varieties were recorded, out of which 13 were improved, although the improved varieties were predominant in 60% of fields and the most widely grown variety was MM96/4271. The CMD incidence was higher in 2022 (26.4%) compared to 2023 (10.1%), although the proportion of CMD attributable to whitefly infection was greater (50.6%) in 2023 than in 2022 (18.0%). The CBSD incidence in 2022 was 6.4%, while in 2023 it was 4.1%. The CMD incidence was significantly lower (5.9%) for the improved varieties than it was for the local varieties (35.9%), although the CBSD incidence did not differ significantly between the improved (2.3%) and local varieties (9.7%). Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) were both detected. Most infections were single CBSV infections (82.9%), followed by single UCBSV (34.3%) and coinfection with both viruses (16.7%). Whiteflies were more abundant in 2023, in which 28% of the fields had super-abundant populations of >100/plant, compared to 5% in 2022. KASP SNP genotyping designated 92.8% of the specimens as SSA-ECA for 2022, while it was 94.4% for 2023. The cassava green mite incidence was 65.4% in 2022 compared to 79.9% in 2023. This study demonstrates that cassava viruses, whiteflies and cassava green mites continue to be important constraints to cassava production in western Kenya, although the widespread cultivation of improved varieties is reducing the impact of cassava viruses. The more widespread application of high-quality seed delivery mechanisms could further enhance the management of these pests/diseases, coupled with wider application of IPM measures for whiteflies and mites.
dc.description.sponsorshipCGIAR Trust Fund
dc.format.extent1-22
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectBemisia Tabaci
dc.subjectWhiteflies
dc.subjectCassava Green Mite
dc.subjectCassava Mosaic Disease
dc.subjectCassava Brown Streak Disease
dc.titleOccurrence and distribution of major cassava pests and diseases in cultivated cassava varieties in western Kenya
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.crpRoots, Tubers and Bananas
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEast Africa
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.hubEastern Africa Hub
cg.researchthemePlant Production and Health
cg.identifier.bibtexciteidWOSULA:2024
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectAgronomy
cg.iitasubjectCassava
cg.iitasubjectDisease Control
cg.iitasubjectFood Security
cg.iitasubjectPests of Plants
cg.iitasubjectPlant Breeding
cg.iitasubjectPlant Diseases
cg.iitasubjectPlant Health
cg.iitasubjectPlant Production
cg.journalViruses
cg.notesOpen Access Journal
cg.accessibilitystatusOpen Access
cg.reviewstatusPeer Review
cg.usagerightslicenseCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 0.0)
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/v16091469
cg.iitaauthor.identifierEVERLYNE WOSULA: 0000-0001-5693-0889
cg.iitaauthor.identifierRudolph Shirima: 0000-0002-2905-2678
cg.iitaauthor.identifierJames Legg: 0000-0003-4140-3757
cg.futureupdate.requiredNo
cg.identifier.issue9: 1469
cg.identifier.volume16
cg.contributor.acknowledgementsOur sincere thanks to Gilvins Mokaya, who assisted with collection of whitefly samples, and to the farmers who allowed us to survey their fields.


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