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    Diversity in secondary metabolites including mycotoxins from strains of aspergillus section nigri isolated from raw cashew nuts from Benin, West Africa

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    Date
    2016-10-21
    Author
    Lamboni, Y.
    Nielsen, K.F.
    Linnemann, A.
    Gezgin, Y.
    Hell, K.
    Nout, R.M.
    Smid, E.J.
    Tamo, M.
    Boekel, M.A. van
    Hoof, J.B.
    Frisvad, J.C.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
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    Abstract/Description
    In a previous study, raw cashew kernels were assayed for the fungal contamination focusing on strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus and on aflatoxins producers. These samples showed high contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri species and absence of aflatoxins. To investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, the species of A. section Nigri may produce and thus threaten to contaminate the raw cashew kernels, 150 strains were isolated from cashew samples and assayed for their production of secondary metabolites using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Seven species of black Aspergilli were isolated based on morphological and chemical identification: A. tubingensis (44%), A. niger (32%), A. brasiliensis (10%), A. carbonarius (8.7%), A. luchuensis (2.7%), A. aculeatus (2%) and A. aculeatinus (0.7%). From these, 45 metabolites and their isomers were identified. Aurasperone and pyranonigrin A, produced by all species excluding A. aculeatus and A. aculeatinus, were most prevalent and were encountered in 146 (97.3%) and 145 (95.7%) isolates, respectively. Three mycotoxins groups were detected: fumonisins (B2 and B4) (2.7%) ochratoxin A (13.3%), and secalonic acids (2%), indicating that these mycotoxins could occur in raw cashew nuts. Thirty strains of black Aspergilli were randomly sampled for verification of species identity based on sequences of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Among them, 27 isolates were positive to the primers used and 11 were identified as A. niger, 7 as A. tubingensis, 6 as A. carbonarius, 2 as A. luchuensis and 1 as A. welwitschiae confirming the species names as based on morphology and chemical features. These strains clustered in 5 clades in A. section Nigri. Chemical profile clustering also showed also 5 groups confirming the species specific metabolites production.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164310
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/1483
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164310
    IITA Subjects
    Food Security; Pests Of Plants
    Agrovoc Terms
    Mycotoxins; Aspergillus; Metabolites; Nuts; Cashew
    Regions
    Africa; West Africa
    Countries
    Benin
    Journals
    PloS ONE
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4835
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