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Limits of phytosanitation and host plant resistance towards the control of cassava viruses in Uganda

dc.contributor.authorKawuki, Robert S.
dc.contributor.authorAdiga, G.
dc.contributor.authorOrone, J.
dc.contributor.authorAlicai, Titus
dc.contributor.authorEdimu, M.
dc.contributor.authorOmara, T.
dc.contributor.authorPariyo, A.
dc.contributor.authorEsuma, W.
dc.contributor.authorOmongo, C.
dc.contributor.authorBua, A.
dc.contributor.authorKanju, E.
dc.contributor.authorBaguma, Yona K.
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-04T11:14:24Z
dc.date.available2019-12-04T11:14:24Z
dc.date.issued2017-07
dc.identifier.citationKawuki, R.S., Adiga, G., Orone, J., Alicai, T., Edimu, M., Omara, T., ... & Kanju, E. (2017). Limits of phytosanitation and host plant resistance towards the control of cassava viruses in Uganda. African Journal of Rural Development, 2(3), 455-466.
dc.identifier.issn2415-2838
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/2754
dc.descriptionPublished online: 30 Sept 2017
dc.description.abstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and the viruses that infect it, notably cassava mosaic virus and cassava brown streak viruses, have a unique history of co-evolution and co-existence. While cassava originated in South America, both viruses and the diseases they cause have largely been limited to the East African region, where they have, and continue to be key yield-robbing stresses. For sustainable control, we assume that deployment of resistant varieties when carefully combined with phytosanitation will combat these viruses. We have thus generated empirical data and tested the limits, i.e., how long this strategy can last. This entailed the comparison of elite cassava varieties, one set of virus-indexed tissue culture plantlets, and the other set, re-cycled planting materials under farmer’s cyclic propagation for 6-23 years. Trials were established at diverse sites in Uganda. We observed that both officially-released and unofficially-released cassava varieties are common in farmer’s fields; these varieties have varying susceptibility levels to viruses. Worrisome was that some officially-released varieties like NASE 3 registered cassava mosaic disease (CMD) incidences of up to 71% (virus-indexed), which was not any different from its re-cycled counterparts. Other varieties like NASE 14 have maintained high levels of CMD resistance six years after official release. Predominant re-cycled cassava varieties notably TME 204, I92/0057, TME 14, and to a limited extent NASE 14, are key reservoirs for cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) associated viruses. These findings highlight the limits of phytosanitation, i.e., in areas like Kaberamaido associated with high CMD pressure, varieties NASE 1 and NASE 3 can not be recommended; on the contrary, these varieties can be deployed in Kalangala, where they can survive with phytosanitation. And for CBSD, the findings justify the urgent need for phytosanitation (community-led) and development of varieties with higher levels of resistance and/or tolerance, as no immune variety has so far been identified.
dc.format.extent455-466
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectAfrican Cassava Mosaic Virus
dc.subjectCassava
dc.subjectPhytosanitation
dc.subjectSeed System
dc.subjectCassava Brown Streak Disease
dc.subjectHost Plant Resistance
dc.titleLimits of phytosanitation and host plant resistance towards the control of cassava viruses in Uganda
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.description.versionPeer Review
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.crpRoots, Tubers and Bananas
cg.contributor.affiliationNational Crops Resources Research Institute, Uganda
cg.contributor.affiliationResearch and Education Agency, Uganda
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEast Africa
cg.coverage.countryUganda
cg.creator.identifierEdward Kanju: 0000-0002-0413-1302
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country institute
cg.iitasubjectCassava
cg.iitasubjectPlant Diseases
cg.journalAfrican Journal of Rural Development
cg.howpublishedFormally Published
cg.accessibilitystatusOpen Access
local.dspaceid93784
cg.targetaudienceScientists


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