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    Exchanging and managing in-vitro elite germplasm to combat cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Eastern and Southern Africa

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    S18ArtTumwegamireExchangingInthomDev.pdf (8.946Mb)
    Date
    2018
    Author
    Tumwegamire, S.
    Kanju, E.
    Legg, J.P.
    Shirima, R.
    Kombo, S.
    Mkamilo, G.S.
    Mtunda, K.
    Sichalwe, K.
    Kulembeka, H.P.
    Ndyetabura, I.
    Saleh, H.
    Kawuki, R.
    Alicai, Titus
    Adiga, G.
    Benesi, I.
    Mhone, A.
    Zacarias, A.
    Matsimbe, S.F.
    Munga, T.
    Ateka, E.
    Navangi, L.
    Maruthi, M.N.
    Mwatuni, F.
    Ngundo, G.
    Mwangangi, M.
    Mbugua, E.
    Ndunguru, J.
    Rajabu, C.
    Mark, D.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract/Description
    Cassava varieties resistant to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are needed for the food and income security of the rural poor in eastern and southern Africa (ESA). The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture led five national cassava breeding programs (Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) in virus-cleaning and exchanging elite cassava germplasm resistant to both diseases. This paper documents the experiences and lessons learned from the process. Thirty-one clones (25 elite, two standard and four national) were submitted by the five breeding programs to the Natural Resources Institute and Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services for virus cleaning and indexing. Subsequently, ca 75 in-vitro virus-indexed plantlets per clone were sent to Genetic Technologies International Limited (GTIL), a private tissue culture (TC) lab in Kenya, and micro-propagated to produce ≥1500 plantlets. After fulfilling all the formal procedures of germplasm exchange between countries ≥300 plantlets per clone were sent to each partner country. National check clones susceptible to CMD/CBSD were sent only to their countries of origin. In each country, the in-vitro plantlets were acclimatized under screen house conditions and transferred to clean isolated sites for field multiplication. All the clones were cleaned of the viruses, except Tomo. The cleaning process was slow for F19-NL, NASE1, and Kibandameno and TC micro-propagation at GTIL was less efficient for Pwani, Tajirika, NASE1, and Okhumelela than for the other clones. Difficulties in cleaning recalcitrant clones affected the timeline for establishing the multi-site evaluation trials in target countries. The initiative is the one of the kind to successfully clean and exchange elite germplasm as a joint action to combat CBSD in ESA. Adequate preparation in terms of infrastructure and personnel are critical to successfully receiving and adapting the indexed in-vitro plants as new germplasm.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0779-2
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/3417
    Non-IITA Authors ORCID
    Silver Tumwegamirehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-6337
    Edward Kanjuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0413-1302
    James Legghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-3757
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0779-2
    Research Themes
    BIOTECH & PLANT BREEDING; PLANT PRODUCTION & HEALTH
    IITA Subjects
    Cassava; Plant Breeding; Plant Diseases; Plant Genetic Resources; Plant Health; Plant Production
    Agrovoc Terms
    Cassava; Exchange; In Vitro; Germplasm; Plant Diseases; Cassava Varieties; African Cassava Mosaic Virus; Cassava Brown Streak Disease
    Regions
    Africa; East Africa; Southern Africa
    Countries
    Kenya; Malawi; Mozambique; Tanzania; Uganda
    Journals
    Food Security
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4835

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