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    Spatial and temporal population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in commercial pistachio orchards in Arizona

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    Date
    2022-06-09
    Author
    Ching’anda, C.
    Atehnkeng, J.
    Bandyopadhyay, R.
    Callicott, K.
    Orbach, M.J.
    Cotty, P.J.
    Mehl, H.L.
    Type
    Journal Article
    Review Status
    Peer Review
    Target Audience
    Scientists
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract/Description
    Aspergillus flavus infects a wide range of crops, including pistachio, and subsequent aflatoxin contamination results in significant economic losses. Application of biocontrol products based on nonaflatoxigenic (atoxigenic) strains of A. flavus is one of the most effective tactics for controlling aflatoxins in crops. Both risk of aflatoxin contamination and effectiveness of biocontrol are influenced by the extent to which A. flavus spores move into pistachio tree canopies during periods of nut development. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal population dynamics of A. flavus, including the applied biocontrol strain AF36, in canopies of pistachio orchards in Arizona. Propagule densities of A. flavus were quantified on leaf samples collected from lower, middle, and upper canopies from spring through harvest in 2018 and 2019. A. flavus propagule densities peaked during periods of high temperature and rainfall in 2018 (up to 600 CFU/g) and 2019 (up to 23 CFU/g), which coincided with nut development and maturation. The applied biocontrol strain AF36 was detected at all canopy heights but overall propagule densities were greater in the upper and middle canopy (mean = 70 CFU/g) compared with the lower canopy (mean = 47 CFU/g). Results suggest that June to August is the period during which A. flavus inoculum increases in Arizona pistachio orchards and, to most effectively displace aflatoxin-producing fungi in tree canopies, biocontrol applications should precede this period. In addition, this study demonstrates that soil-applied biocontrol strains can successfully disperse throughout the canopies of commercial tree nut orchards.
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-21-0128-RS
    Multi standard citation
    Permanent link to this item
    https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/8026
    IITA Authors ORCID
    Ranajit Bandyopadhyayhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2422-4298
    Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-21-0128-RS
    Research Themes
    Plant Production and Health
    IITA Subjects
    Aflatoxin; Agronomy; Food Security; Maize; Plant Breeding; Plant Health; Plant Production
    Agrovoc Terms
    Maize; Aspergillus Flavus; Aflatoxins; Plant Health; Food Security
    Regions
    North America
    Countries
    United States of America
    Hubs
    Headquarters and Western Africa Hub
    Journals
    Plant Health Progress
    Collections
    • Journal and Journal Articles4842
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