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Spatial and temporal population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in commercial pistachio orchards in Arizona

dc.contributor.authorChing’anda, C.
dc.contributor.authorAtehnkeng, J.
dc.contributor.authorBandyopadhyay, R.
dc.contributor.authorCallicott, K.
dc.contributor.authorOrbach, M.J.
dc.contributor.authorCotty, P.J.
dc.contributor.authorMehl, H.L.
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-25T13:33:35Z
dc.date.available2023-01-25T13:33:35Z
dc.date.issued2022-06-09
dc.identifier.citationChing’anda, C., Atehnkeng, J., Bandyopadhyay, R., Callicott, K., Orbach, M.J., Cotty, P.J. & Mehl, H.L. (2022). Spatial and temporal population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in commercial pistachio orchards in Arizona. Plant Health Progress, 23(3), 272-280.
dc.identifier.issn1535-1025
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12478/8026
dc.description.abstractAspergillus flavus infects a wide range of crops, including pistachio, and subsequent aflatoxin contamination results in significant economic losses. Application of biocontrol products based on nonaflatoxigenic (atoxigenic) strains of A. flavus is one of the most effective tactics for controlling aflatoxins in crops. Both risk of aflatoxin contamination and effectiveness of biocontrol are influenced by the extent to which A. flavus spores move into pistachio tree canopies during periods of nut development. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate spatial and temporal population dynamics of A. flavus, including the applied biocontrol strain AF36, in canopies of pistachio orchards in Arizona. Propagule densities of A. flavus were quantified on leaf samples collected from lower, middle, and upper canopies from spring through harvest in 2018 and 2019. A. flavus propagule densities peaked during periods of high temperature and rainfall in 2018 (up to 600 CFU/g) and 2019 (up to 23 CFU/g), which coincided with nut development and maturation. The applied biocontrol strain AF36 was detected at all canopy heights but overall propagule densities were greater in the upper and middle canopy (mean = 70 CFU/g) compared with the lower canopy (mean = 47 CFU/g). Results suggest that June to August is the period during which A. flavus inoculum increases in Arizona pistachio orchards and, to most effectively displace aflatoxin-producing fungi in tree canopies, biocontrol applications should precede this period. In addition, this study demonstrates that soil-applied biocontrol strains can successfully disperse throughout the canopies of commercial tree nut orchards.
dc.format.extent272-280
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectMaize
dc.subjectAspergillus Flavus
dc.subjectAflatoxins
dc.subjectPlant Health
dc.subjectFood Security
dc.titleSpatial and temporal population dynamics of Aspergillus flavus in commercial pistachio orchards in Arizona
dc.typeJournal Article
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.crpMaize
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Arizona
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited States Department of Agriculture
cg.coverage.regionNorth America
cg.coverage.countryUnited States of America
cg.coverage.hubHeadquarters and Western Africa Hub
cg.researchthemePlant Production and Health
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research institute
cg.iitasubjectAflatoxin
cg.iitasubjectAgronomy
cg.iitasubjectFood Security
cg.iitasubjectMaize
cg.iitasubjectPlant Breeding
cg.iitasubjectPlant Health
cg.iitasubjectPlant Production
cg.journalPlant Health Progress
cg.notesPublished online: 09 Jun 2022
cg.accessibilitystatusLimited Access
cg.reviewstatusPeer Review
cg.usagerightslicenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
cg.targetaudienceScientists
cg.identifier.doihttps://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-21-0128-RS
cg.iitaauthor.identifierRanajit Bandyopadhyay: 0000-0003-2422-4298
cg.futureupdate.descriptionAttachment of PDF
cg.futureupdate.requiredYes
cg.futureupdate.duration3 Months
cg.identifier.issue3
cg.identifier.volume23


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